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1765

Years:
In 1762 1,763 1764 one thousand seven hundred sixty-five one thousand seven hundred sixty-six one thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven 1768

Decades:
1730 one thousand seven hundred forty 1750 1760 1 770 1.78 thousand 1 790
Centuries:
XVII ^century XVIII ^century XIX ^century
Millennium:
^First Millennium II ^millennium ^Third Millennium

News by month
January - February - March - April - May - June
July - Aug - September - October - November - December

Thematic timelines :
Architecture Law Literature Music Science Theatre

Calendars:
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This page is about the year 1765 of the Gregorian calendar .

Summary

/ / Events

Africa

Foundation of the port of Essaouira in Morocco.

America

August: the Popular Movement against the Stamp Act in Boston

March 22 : Vote on the Stamp Act (tax on newspapers, legal documents, insurance policies, almanacs, playing cards, dice, etc..) attempt by the UK Treasury to submit the North American to tax Live, which led to protests in the colonies. The northern colonies, the most affected, are leading a movement to oppose any decision of the city and manage to bring all the colonies.
March 24 : Vote on the Quartering Act on housing for troops in the British Colonies.
May 18 : A fire destroyed hundreds of homes in Montreal.
August : Riot in Boston against the Stamp Act led by the shoemaker Ebenezer MacIntosh. The home of a wealthy merchant, Andrex Olivier, is destroyed. Two weeks later the home of Thomas Hutchinson is sacked.
7 - Oct. 25 : The Bill of Rights and Grievances is adopted by the Stamp Act Congress in New York.

Canada : The "Quebec Pedlars", so named in derision by their competitors of the Company Hudson's Bay , take the fur trade on the shores of Lake Winnipeg , the lower reaches of the Saskatchewan and the Assiniboine.
Charles III of Spain gave the order to colonize the California.

Asia

May 3 : Commencement of the Government of Robert Clive in Bengal (in late 1767 ).
August 12 : In India , Robert Clive sign the Treaty of Allahabad with the emperor Mughal , through which the UK gets the collection of taxes in Bengal , in Orissa and Bihar , while the moguls keep the defense and justice.

Conflict between Mysore , Marathas , Hyderabad and British (in late 1782 ).
Haidar Ali , a Muslim adventurer from Punjab , succeeded in founding a powerful State in Mysore. He wars against the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad before forming an informal alliance with them against the British.

Europe

January 3 : Opening of the University of Corte.
March 15 : The king of Poland Stanislas Poniatowski creates a "cadet school (Szkoa Rycerska) to train cadres for the army and administration.
May 7 : Launch of HMS Victory.
July 13 : Beginning of the Ministry Whig of Charles Watson-Wentworth , Marquess of Rockingham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (completed in 1766 ).
- George III of Great Britain is suffering from fits of madness. He must remember the Whigs to power with Rockingham , Grafton and Pitt the Elder.
August 18 :
- Beginning of the reign of Joseph II , emperor of Rome (completed in 1790 ). Co-regency between Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II to the death of Francis ^I (completed in 1780 ). Joseph II directs the military and foreign policy with the help of Chancellor Kaunitz.
- Peter Leopold of Habsburg-Lorraine (1747-1792) became Grand Duke of Tuscany (completed in 1790 ). He married 5 August 1764 the Spanish Infanta Maria Ludovica which will give him 12 children. It operates a policy of economic reforms and social. It follows on a religious framework policy by the state.
September 9 : Early Government Lwenhielm Karl Gustaf in Sweden. Adolf Frederick of Sweden supported the party of "Hats" (unprivileged) between 1765 and 1769.

Jacquerie in Transylvania. The rebels complain of increased days of drudgery from the Ottoman period. The Hungarian government must grant a license said urbrium (Hungarian urber which means the fee manor). It asserts the inalienable right of serf to his land, by determining the area, prohibiting them into reserves, defines the obligations of the tenant in cash and in kind and sets up to three days per week the number of chores. The urbrium is strongly disputed by the lords.
The Hungarian diet is no longer called by Marie-Therese until his death.
The king of Poland Stanislas Poniatowski presents a review, the Monitor, his reform agenda: he wants to encourage religious tolerance, the development of industry and improvement of agriculture.
Reforms to Parma :
- The church property is subject to the same taxes as the property lay. Real della Giunta giurisdizione oversees the relationship with the Church. The fraternities and most deserted monasteries are closed.
- The minister Guillaume du Tillot replaces different lease contracts by a general farm in French hands. It offers a cadastre but accepts virtually all titles of nobility exemption and does not address municipal and local exemptions.
Reforms in Lombardy from 1765 to 1775.
- Pietro Verri committed by a tax investigation to dismantle the existence of a deficit in the accounts of the state of Lombardy, which earned him responsible for putting in place a precise assessment.
- Creation of the Supreme Council of Economy, responsible for conducting studies and proposals on the renewal of Lombardy's economy.
Russia : Manifesto on the division of the Empire in governments.

France

March 9 : The son Calas reading his family's act of pardon from his father Engraving after Carmontelle (1765).
.

" Figure of Monster, which afflicts Gevaudan "

Cold and rainy years (1765 - 1777 ).

March 9 : Rehabilitation of the official memory of Jean Calas , a Protestant accused of murdering his son to prevent him from converting to Catholicism, and wrongly executed in 1762 , thanks to an effective campaign Voltaire. This case represents one of the first commitments of an "intellectual" (although the word will appear with the Dreyfus case ) the defense of the innocent, and more generally in the public debate. King's benevolence towards the Calas family.
April : The Grand Council , in conflict with the parliament since 1755 , disappears by itself.
May 22 : Resignation of the Parliament of Britain.
September 20 : Francis Anthony kills a wolf which he declares to be the Beast of Gevaudan. It is naturalized and sent to Versailles.
November 11 : In France, arrest of Louis-Ren de La Caradeuc Chalotais , Attorney General of the Parliament of Britain.
December 20 : Death of the Dauphin , son of Louis XV.

The House of Bishops , chaired by Lomenie de Brienne , set up the reform of regular orders. The property of regular, free of episcopal control, are transferred to bishoprics. The king sees welcome a reform that strengthens the power of bishops it appoints and controls.
Charles Alexandre de Calonne (1734-1802) became master of requests.
Increase in duty on wine to Paris.

The Marechal de Richelieu and the steward of Etigny, Navarra province-Bearn-Auch, are lobbying the parliament of Navarre that allows merchants to exercise sheets Jews in the city of Pau and the board of Bayonne for it opens its doors to Jews in the Holy Spirit. Linen merchants, retail (chocolate), dance teachers settle in town.

Religion

January 7 : Bubble Apostolicum. XIII Clement defends the Jesuits , banned in several countries (Apostolicum Pascendi munus).
January 25 : Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus is recognized by a papal bull.
October 27 : Last execution by fire on the orders of the Inquisition, a Jew hiding Portuguese.

Ban in Spain in the representation of self-sacramental, traditional forms of popular religiosity.
Canon Jansenist Ignace Mller became confessor of Marie-Therese (completed in 1780 ).

Arts & Culture

The Bathers, of Jean Honor Fragonard

Main articles: 1765 to the theater , 1765 in literature , classical music in 1765 and 1765 in architecture.

Science & Technical

The "spinning jenny" of James Hargreaves

Main article: 1765 in science.

July : Diderot eventually writing his encyclopedia , it is published.
Essay on the calculus of Condorcet.
The engineer James Hargreaves (v.1710-1778) developed a spinning machine, spinning jenny, but the resulting yarn is thin and fragile and often breaks during weaving. In 1768 Highs invents the water-frame: the resulting yarn is strong, but thick and coarse, it is not suitable for weaving delicate fabrics.

Economy and Society

Freedom of trade and prices of grain in Spain and removal of the monopoly of Cadiz.
Jacques Necker founds a bank with Thellusson in Geneva.
Creating a factory cottons Neukettenhof to Vienna.
Survey of all land in Russia.