Expansion of the Alemanni ^third century to ^the sixth century. The names indicate places of battles, the black line border ( limes ) northeast of the Roman Empire.

The Alamanni and Aleman (the Germanic : men) were a set of Germanic tribes established first on the middle and lower reaches of the Elbe and along the Main , where they were first mentioned once Dion Cassius in 213. These peoples had in common to compete with the Franks (germ. Frank, Free), probably originally a group of other ethnic groups established further north on the right bank of the Rhine. The kingdom Alaman means the territory of the Alemanni described from 269.

According to the Roman historian Gaius Asinius Quadratus, they were an amalgamation of various tribes. It is however little doubt that former Hermunduri formed the bulk of the nation.

The tribes who made probably one of the Alemanni include:

• the Hermunduri (Hermione);
• the Juthunges ;
• the Bucinobantes ;
• the Lentiens ;
• the quads , Marcomanni and Semmon ;
• the Armalauses ;
• the Teutons.
• From the ^fourth century , we also hear of the Swabians.

The Hermunduri made probably one of the Swabians. Later, the names Alamanni and Swabians seem to have been synonymous, although the Swabians have moved towards the Iberian Peninsula in the early ^fifth century , where they founded an independent kingdom which lasted until 585 , conquered and annexed by the Visigoth King Liuvigild.

In Gaul we find them until Aquitaine , where the names of certain localities recalls their presence, such that Germans , Germans-the-Dropt and Germany-en-Provence. This is likely institutions letes , the settlers - auxiliary installation by the Roman Empire.

Historical summary

The Alamanni were continually in conflict with the Roman Empire. Originally located north of the province Rhaetia in a region they will abandon the Thuringer , they are contained by the Romans until the mid- ^third century , then two centuries of fighting, they move gradually toward the southwest to settle permanently in an area covering part of Helvetia (the Swiss ), the Decumani (the Baden ) and part of the Squanaise (the Alsace ). They contributed to the Germanization of these areas previously romanized.

In 258 , the Alamanni realize their most devastating raid and advanced deeper into the Roman Empire: Rhaetia they invade and destroy the forts of the limes of Agri Decumates , reach the Helvetia and plunder Avenches. Several bands down the valley of the Rhone , including raiding the outskirts of Arles , but avoiding too powerful cities such as Lugdunum or Autun. Each attack Tarragona in Spain , others go in Italy and walk North on Rome. In spring 259 , Gallienus defeats them near Milan , but they must abandon Agri Decumates: the Alamanni settled in this salient that allows them to easily pass the Rhine or the Danube , threatening eastern Gaul, and Rhaetia Northern Italy.

In 268 , they launched a major invasion in northern Italy , where the Romans were forced to withdraw most of their troops in response to the invading Visigoths. Earlier this summer, the Emperor Gallienus halted their advance into Italy, but then had to cope with Goths. When, in September, the campaign ended with the Goths of the Roman victory at the Battle of Naissus 's successor, Gallienus, Claudius the Goth , returned to the North to address the Alemanni who were beginning to occupy the whole of Italy north of the Po.

After fruitless efforts to reach a peaceful retirement in November 268 Claude forced to fight the Alamanni at the Battle of Lake Garda. The Alamanni were defeated and forced to return to Germany , for many years, they were no longer a threat to the Romans.

Their most famous battle against Rome took place in Strasbourg in 357 ( Battle of Argentoratum ). They were defeated by the future emperor Julian in a decisive charge of his heavy cavalry and their king Chnodomarius was taken prisoner.

On January 2 366 , the Alemanni crossed the Rhine in many frozen to invade the Roman Empire.

In the early ^fifth century , it seems that the Alemanni crossed the Rhine and conquered, and settled in what is now the Alsace and a large part of Switzerland ^{Operation of the people}

Archaeology shows a picture of society which is not necessarily Alamanes have described as the legal sources ^Religion

The Christianization of the Alamanni is related to their installation within the borders of the Roman Empire. The Diocese of Constance was considered one of the Alemanni and served as the framework for their Christianization. These limits seem determined in part by Dagobert ^I.. It was supported by Gunzo, Duke Alaman Christian, and had supporters in the diocese of Chur. Around 570 , Byzantine historian Agathias regarded as the pagan Alemanni.

The archaeological evidence of the Christianization of the Alemanni are many on the right bank of the Rhine, for example, churches made of wood or stone. There are also many on the left bank, for example, crosses in gold leaf motifs such as crosses, fish and birds. The Alemanni also gave up to 700 with custom offerings and funeral inhumrent their dead. Because they believe that after death they must fight for Walhalla go to heaven, they are buried with their weapons . Ecclesiastical structures remain almost unchanged Alemania under the Carolingians.

Chronology

• 213 : first appearance of the assailants as Alemanni Germania Superior. Caracalla inflicting such a defeat that they are kept in check for twenty years.
• 233 : the Alamanni crossed the limes, stripped of troops engaged in the East. Alexander Severus , who returned from East, engage in negotiations rather than fighting. Furious, the soldiers killed in the 235 and replace it with Maximin the Thracian. Maximin-attack against the Alemanni on their territories and beat thoroughly.
• 253 : the Franks and Alemanni invade Gaul.
• 258-259: The most devastating raid of the Alemanni. Gallien beats them near Milan, but they must abandon Agri Decumates.
• 268: assault on Rhaetia Alemanni and Italy, the Gothic Claude beat them with his cavalry near Milan, then to Lake Garda.
• 275 : Gaul was sacked by the Franks and Alemanni.
• 277 : the Roman Emperor Probus frees Gaul of the Franks and Alemanni, and the latter confined between the Rhine and Danube.
• 352 : the Alemanni and the Franks fighting army Roman , 40 cities and are settled between Mosel and Rhine.
• 357: Julian defeated the Alamanni at Strasbourg and rejects the other side of the Rhine.
• 360 : Julian submit the Alamanni and restores the Rhine frontier.
• 365 : the Alemanni pass the frozen Rhine and reached Chalons-sur-Marne.
• 368 : Valentinian I , based in Trier , defeated the Alemanni on the Rhine frontier.
• 374 : Valentinian I establishes a Foedus with the Alamanni, allowing their installation on the west bank of the Rhine.
• 378 : The Alamanni invade the Alsace.
• 396 : The Romans enlist Franks and Alemanni to defend the Rhine frontier.
• 496: the Franks defeated the Alemanni on the Neckar they cede the region of the Main-Neckar.
• 496: Clovis I made an alliance with the Franks of the Rhine to defeat the Alamanni at the Battle of Tolbiac on the Rhine.
• 709 : Start of the War of the Franks and Alemanni.
• 712 : End of the War of the Franks and Alemanni.

See also

Related articles

• Late Antiquity
• Culture-Friedenhain Prestovice
• Ur (King Alaman)

External Links

• Article in the Historical Dictionary of Switzerland
• Everything about the Alamanni

References

• Portal of the High Middle Ages
• Germany portal
• Portal Alsace
• Switzerland portal

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