Algonquian Languages
Algonquian languages are a family of languages spoken in North America , spoken by the Algonquin and includes most languages of the family Algonkian (the others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern of California ). It should not be confused with the Algonquian language of the Algonquin , which is one of many Algonquian languages.
Before European colonization of the Americas, the peoples speaking Algonquian languages extended from the east coast of North America to the Rocky Mountains.
Summary |
This family can be divided roughly into three major subfamilies:
- branch known as the Plains
- central branch
- Eastern branch
The group could also include the extinct language Beothuk of Newfoundland , although evidence is scarce. The Etchemin and language pre-colonial Lumbee were perhaps Algonquian languages, but in both cases the documentation is almost nonexistent.
The Algonquian language family is renowned for its morphology and its complex system of verbs sophisticated. Sentences that take a large number of words in French can be expressed in a single "word". For example, "It is understood by higher powers" is said in Menominee "NEST: ni: hae: w", "it frightens us" translates into the Plains Cree as "ksthikoyahk. Typically, the languages of this family use at least two distinct third persons, so that users can follow the main characters in the story. They have been particularly studied by Leonard Bloomfield and Edward Sapir. Many of these languages are seriously endangered, and others have completely disappeared.
Because Algonquian languages are some of the first that Europeans discovered in North America, they gave the settlers languages many words. Many states in the eastern United States have names of Algonquian origin: Massachusetts , Illinois , Michigan , Ohio , Wisconsin , and many cities: Milwaukee , Chicago , etc.. Three Canadian provinces have also a name of Algonquian origin, the Quebec , the Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The name of Canada's capital comes from Algonquin nation, the Outaouais.
Words of Algonquian origin
- wolverine (kuekwatsheu): name commonly given to America in the greedy.
- muskellunge (literally deformed pike) fish related to the pike.
- Caribou (see also " Caribou ").
- Moccasin : Shoes.
- Moose " Moose "in English only.
- possum (and " possum "in English).
- papoose " child of Amerindian.
- pecan or pecan in French ("pecan" in English, Pakan via mobile language ): nuts.
- pemmican.
- persimmon in English means " persimmon "or" khaki ". The word persimmon is derived from putchamin, pasiminan or pessamin of Powhatan , connected to the Blackfoot , Cree and Mohican meaning "a dry fruit."
- pone (corn bread in English) ( Powhatan appoans): bread.
- Potawatomi.
- powwow derives from a word Narragansett powwaw meaning "spiritual leader".
- quahog.
- racoon (or raccoon in English): raccoon , derives from the Algonquin or rhkun ahrah-Koon-em - (other transcripts exist) which is the pronunciation used by Chief Powhatan and his daughter Pocahontas to the animal, which means "one who steals, rubs and rubs his hands" .
- Sachem Central derives from the Algonquin hkimw: ogimaa in Ojibwe, and written OGIM in Algonquin, , gima in Ottawa, WGEMA in Potawatomi; Anglicized form of Ogema.
- skunk in English (meaning skunk in French) is derived from an Abenaki word, segongw, segonku, which means "one who ejects. Shekkwa of: water spray smelly.
- Squash in English (meaning squash in French), askootaskwash): fruit health / life.
- squaw means "woman."
- Succotash is a word that derives from msikwatash: blended food, maize meal of many traditional celebrations of Thanksgiving.
- slide <* otoban) which means, strictly speaking, "trolling" sled without runners made of wood planks thin curved front (it is called today among Quebecers as a "toboggan").
- tomahawk of tomah'hauk: hatchet .
- Wampum of wapapyaki: commercial property is a string or a belt.
- elk (Wapitik): deer white stag in North America and Siberia.
- wigwam (wikiwam): hut or tent Indians.
- woodchuck wuchak drift.
Names of Algonquian origin
- Chicago word of Illinois - Miami sikaakwa distorted by the French as "Checagou" or "Checaguar" which means " wild onion " .
- Massachusetts means "a place of great hill."
- Ottawa (Adawe): that is to say "trade". This is the name given to the people who controlled trade on the River.
- Quebec (kebek): the region surrounding the city of Quebec, a term that describes a "narrow" or "strait" or narrowing of the river at Cape Diamond.
References
- Historical Dictionary of French Quebec under the direction of Claude Poirier.
- In Canada, we differentiate Algonquian term used to describe a set of related Indian nations through language (Algonquian), and Algonquin, which specifically refers to one of these people and their language, that novices do Usually not. See in particular See also
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