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Algonquin

Algonquin Anicinapemi in / Anishinbemiwin in 2006 2275 in 1998 and 2425 in 2001
Classification by family
- American Indian languages ( polyphyletic ) - Algonkian languages - Algonquian - Central Algonquian languages - Ojibwe - Algonquin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Alq
IETF	Alq
Sample
Neither sakihiman okwisisan ^, Pejik Ikwe o ki kisingwewan Tebeniminangon
change

The Algonquin is a dialect of Ojibwe family of Algonquian languages. It is spoken by the people Algonquin of Quebec and of Ontario. The Algonquin (or Anicinapemi in, or Anishinbemiwin Anicinbemowin) is also commonly called a dialect Anishinaabemowin but which in fact refers to the language Ojibwa.

In different communities, the Algonquin is in constant contact with the French and English as only a quarter of the population speaks the Algonquin.

The Algonquin language known to have a morphology polysynthetic complex has many features including being a language that organizes the word in a series of four classes around a polarity " animate / inanimate "(the verbs are transitive or intransitive depending on whether cases are inanimate (table knife) or animated (stars, animals, trees)). Another originality of this language is the marker "direct-inverse" which means that, following the termination of the verb, the person using it is either the subject or object of the action. That explanation made only linguists ^nineteenth century , because even if people of European origin and spoke the language had described the grammatical principles of the Algonquin from the ^seventeenth century , they had not explained the basis of this inversion.

Another peculiarity of Algonquin is its hierarchy where the second person pronoun (you) excludes the first person (I) which in turn excludes the third person (he, she, it) Etymology

Anishinaabe a par excellence of the word "man", that is to say a figure of speech by which a proper name is used as a common name. There are many Native Americans who use the word "man" to define themselves as peoples illinois , Dakota , Innu , alnambe for Abenaki for the Lenape or Lenape.

In the dictionary French-Algonquin father's Oblate Georges Lemoine, Anishinaabe is translated as "wild" and Anishinaabemowin "language of the Indians", while "Algonquin" is translated Ommiwininimowin. Omama wininit means "people of low river "and mowin means" language ". Anicinabe (k) means" male (s) "by Jean Andre Cuoq .

Classification and Dialects

The Algonquin (Anicinbemowin Speakers

Dialects and sub-dialects within 10 reserves or settlements Algonquin

In 2006 , 2,020 people were like the Algonquin language , first language learned in childhood and still understood, and 2560 people had a good understanding and knowledge of the language and could converse . Respectively is a significant increase of 10% and 12% between 2001 and 2006 the number of speakers . In Quebec in 2001, there were 1510 users and 1435 which is the mother tongue. Statistics by language spoken (former name) : Language Characteristics of the Aboriginal identity population in 2001 : Of 995 people, 880 Algonquin, 100 French, 10 French / English and 10 other . : Of 219 people, 185 Algonquin and 34 French. : Of 430 people, 290 Algonquin, 65 French and 65 English-French. : Of 1,050 people, 370 Algonquin, 375 English, 15 French and 280 English-French. : Of 154 people, 35 Algonquin, 110 and 9 English English-French. : Of 405 people, 45 Algonquin, 340 English and 20 English-French. : Of 242 people, 20 Algonquin, 207 English and 15 French. : Of 490 people, 30 Algonquin, 245 English and 215 English-French. : Of 218 people. No data on the number of speakers.. : On 5 people. No data on the number of speakers.. Place Algonquin

Place in the Algonquin language family Ojibwa (Ojibway):

Language	Canada	United States	Total (speakers)	Total ethnic population
Algonquin	2 680	0	2 680	8266
Oji-Cree	12 600	0	12 600	12 600
Ojibway	32 460	13 838	46 298	219 711
Ottawa	7 128	872	8 000	60 000
Potawatomi	30	998	1 028	25 000
Total (By Country)	63 898	15 708	70 606	325 577

Education

Number of students enrolled by the reserves and settlements.

Reserves	School Name	School Band	Provincial School	Private school	Federal school	CEGEP / University	Total	Potential student population aged between 5 and 24 years
Hunter's Point	No school in the territory	nd	nd	nd	nd	17	nd	83
Lac-Simon	School Migwam	130	42	0	3	18	193	465
Rapid Lake	Rapid Lake School	121	48	0	0	nd	169	271
Kipawa	No school in the territory	1	53	0	0	29	83	174
Kitcisakik	No school in the territory	0	145	0	0	4	150	191
Kitigan Zibi	Paginawatig School (preschool) Kitigan Zibi School (primary, secondary I to V)	186	48	0	0	nd	234	705
Lac-Simon	cole Amik Wiche-	421	0	0	0	31	452	632
Timiskaming	Kiwetin School (preschool, primary)	85	101	0	0	67	253	462
Winneway	Amo Ososwan School (preschool, primary, secondary I to V)	86	8	0	0	32	126	275
Pikwkanagn	?	70	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	145

History of Algonquin

Distribution of Anishinaabemowin to 1800

Ojibwe Hieroglyphics

Little is known regarding the " hieroglyphics "Ojibwa. Similar to the hieroglyphic writing of the Mi'kmaq , there are petroglyphs or Kinomagewapkong in Ojibwe means "the rock sign, and Wiigwaasabak or drawings made on the bark of birch discussing Midewiwin or shamanism.

In negotiating treaties with the British or the French, the signatures of the heads were often marked by a simple "X", and, thereafter, they used characters "hieroglyphic" Ojibwe representative among their other Doodem.

Today, the Ojibwe artists incorporate patterns commonly found in "hieroglyphics" Ojibwa to inculcate a "Native Pride" (Native Pride).

It is believed that several former still know the meaning of many of these hieroglyphics, but their content is considered sacred. Therefore, very little information has been revealed. In Ontario , near Algonquin Pikwkanagn, northeast of Peterborough is the "Petroglyphs Provincial Park" . Some 900 petroglyphs and large concentrations of rock carvings there are hundreds of years there. Among them are depictions of turtles, snakes, birds and humans.

Phonology

With few exceptions, the characters are pronounced as Algonquin in French, that is to say there is no quiescent or silent .

Consonants

All the sounds of vowels and consonants are represented below :
Letters	has	to	b	c.	d	dj	e		f	g	h	i		j	k	l
API
Letters	m	n	o		p	q	r	s	sh	t	u	v	w /	x	y	z
API

The c is pronounced as in French or English

8 or rather in Algonquin is the alphabet used to transcribe the sound .

The nasal n is the end of a syllable whose word is not completed or followed by a vowel, but at the end of a word, the is nasal

		Bilabial	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Wallflower	Glottal
Occlusive	Voicing	b	d		g
	Without voicing	p	t		k
	aspiration	p	t		k
Affricate	voicing			dj
Affricate	without voicing			tc
Fricative	voicing		z ly: 'DejaVu Sans', 'Doulos SIL', 'Lucida Grande', 'Segoe UI', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Adobe Std Pi', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Unicode Chrysanthi' Code2000, Gentium, GentiumAlt 'TITUS Cyberbit Basic', 'Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Kaku Gothic Pro Hiragino', 'Matrix Unicode', sans-serif ">
Fricative	without voicing		s	c		h
Nasal		m	n
Spirant		w	y

Aspiration and allophone

The consonants p, t and k are aspirated when they are not pronounced between vowels or after a m a n. You can hear aspirated consonants in French after the letter s, such as "t" in the stadium or the "k" in skateboarding. If you put your fingers to your mouth while you say kate and skate, you will see there is no breath of air as you pronounce the "k" not sucked into skateboarding.

Thus kjig (day) is pronounced ^{can be pronounced like this: or Vowels}

: Short

a
e or
i
o or u

: Long

to (as A or AA)
( or too ee)
(as I or II)
(aussi ou oo )

Diphthongs

This calendar 1871 Algonquin " abikoni Kisis" which is written today (" May ").

All the sounds of diphthongs
Letters	aw	ay	ew	ey	iw	ow
API

Nasal vowels

The Algonquin has nasal vowels, but there are variations allophonic (similar to English vowels that are sometimes nasal before m and n). In Algonquin, the nasal vowels are automatically before nd, ng, nj or nz. For example, kgnz is pronounced ^{Accent tonic}

The main stress in Algonquin is regular, but may pose some difficulties. If we divide each word in feet iambic (a foot consisting of a short syllable followed by one long), counting long vowels (A, E, I, O) as the entire foot, while the accent is usually on the strong syllable of the last third of the foot, which, in words that are five syllables or less, in practice usually results in the first syllable (if it has a long vowel) or the second syllable (if it no). Then the strong syllables of each other feet have a second stress. For example: ni-bi-bi s, mi-ki-zi , na-no-mi-da-na ^{Features and customary uses}

The right of property does not exist at the Algonquin set aside personal and religious objects. So if a moose was killed, tanned skin was subsequently given to the most needy. This name was not charity but rather sharing the joy and the biggest for an Algonquin is to "give". Therefore the word "thank you" does not serve the recipient's skin a moose, but to the giver if the receiver accepts.

Grammar

The grammar consists of nine parts Algonquin.

Name

Top Names

The nouns , usually words, ranked according to whether the subject is kind of animate or inanimate.

The animated genre affects all animal life or what is of importance in the eyes of the Algonquins. Some examples: a man, a moose , trees, fruits, thunder, ice, snow, stars, skins, pipes .
The genus is inanimate which has no life and little importance to the Algonquins. Some examples: a plane, a castle, a cannon. A bow and an oar had the privilege of being part of the first kind.

Number in names

The nouns have three numbers is the singular , the plural the plural inclusive and exclusive

Plural noun whose sole refers to the first and third person and excludes the second person.

- Our wigwam (him and me)

Inclusive plural noun which refers to the second person and includes the first or third person

- Our wigwam (you and us / you and them)

Different names in case

The nominative , about equal in French

The vocative is the name for the person to whom it is addressed in the case of a noun in the singular but always the same in the plural, it ends in Tok, otok, Itoki.
The obviative is a pronominal system that uses traditional distinctions. Three persons ^{(1st, 2nd,} 3rd) plus a 3 ^rd person obviate, two numbers (singular, plural), the distinction between animate and inanimate, and two types of 1 ^st person plural (inclusive and exclusive).

Vocative singular	Vocative plural	French
ockinawe	ockinawe tok	young man
amik	amik otok	beaver
Monz	Monz otok	moose
nidjanis	nidjanis ITOKI	child

Obviate the ^3rd person is a refinement that applies to a person who is not the main focus. When two or more persons are involved in an expression, one of them takes the state obviative. If it is an animal name, it will be supplemented by a obviative suffix, usually-n-an or-if it ends in a vowel, g, k, z or another consonant. Verbs always record the presence of participants obviative, even if they are not present in the sentence as nouns.

Example: "John loves Mary, the son of Steve" where John and Steve in the nominative and Mary and son to obviative.

The surobviatif is the third meeting of three people and marked by-ni-oni,-ini following the termination of the noun.
The possessive is a case of a possessive adjective attached to a noun that is falling or is combined

or: my, my, my, our, our, ki: your, your, your, your, yours and ours, our inclusive o, wi: his, her, its, theirs, their

The rental is a case expressing the location in space as the prepositions in French "to", "de", "en", "in" and "on". Was added to the noun-ng-ing or-ong but it is added depending on the meaning of the verb.

Noun	French	Rental	French	Possessive	French
nipi	water	nipi ng	in water	wi	its water
Akik	boiler	Akik ong	in the boiler	ki	your boiler
asin	stone	asin Eng	on stone	no im	my stone

When prepositions are formed compounds detached are called prepositional phrases: "Because of ',' beside ',' because ',' and that 'and others and go by the verb of the noun accompany put the rental (to be dressed as a man, living in animal ).

The deterioration is formed with the addition of c, oc ic or after the termination of the noun.
The ultra-deterioration is formed with the addition of the ic deterioration.
The diminutive

Noun	French	Deterioration	Ultra-deterioration	Deterioration (Ultra-deterioration)
nipi	water	nipi c	nipic ic	(Very) bad water
amik	beaver	amik oc	amikoc ic	(Very) evil beaver
tesapiwagan	seat	tesapiwagan ic	tesapiwaganic ic	seat (really) good for nothing

The investigator or interrogative tool is a class of word-tool used to mark an interrogative sentence. Indeed, the noun is preceded nen singular or plural and nenak the corresponding particle interrogative "who, what, what, what, what."
The skeptical or doubt in a conversation is formulated by adding the noun tok. Example: makwa, makwa tok: bear, perhaps a bear
Expresses the distant past someone or something we are talking about is a time either before or unknown or is not contemporary (zapie goban: Xavier the past, I've never known, whose j I lost the memory). It adds to the termination of goban name.
The past next expresses a person or thing that no longer exists (zapie ban: the late Xavier) or had more to do with us my knife once). It adds to the termination of the bank name.

Adjective

The Algonquin has five kinds of adjectives

The qualifier

There are very few adjectives here and the list almost complete. The small number of adjectives is offset by a prodigious number of verbs

Algonquin	French	Algonquin	French
mino	good	maia	Main
Matci	bad	Mayak	abroad
mici	Wholesale	maiata	blameworthy
Kitc / Kije	great	Ockier	nine
kwenate	nice	kete	former
uninterrupted	true or ultimate	picicik	dry or pure or mixed age
nicike	Only

Unspecified

The indefinite adjectives are neningo / mecagwan each; kotak other; kakina all, every, every, every, few NIBIN.

Numeral

The numeral is double as in French, with the ordinal which expresses an order, classification and Cardinal expresses a quantity.

The word Cardinal is originally composed of seven root words. In fact these are the five fingers of the hand that are the basis of calculation . The first five words ningot, Nijo, NISO, neo, nano from the same root word Nindja which means "hand". All other numbers are made of these roots.

Algonquin	French	Algonquin	French	Name followed by a measurement Months, days, etc. ... was	Example
pejik	a	nitam	first	ningot / or ningoto Ningo	Neither nitam icin or pejik / I'm first, I am alone
nij	two	eko nij	second	Nijo	Imin nij / We are two
i nis	three	eko i nis	third	NISO	Nis i anicinabek, NISO Minaki abiminak / Three men, three apples
not	four	eko not	fourth	neo	Do inanaban, pentagon eko not Eng / We were four, the fourth thing
Nanan	five	eko Nanan	fifth	nano	Nanan kikinoamage Inini ak nano Pipon / Five professors, five years
cangas i	nine	eko cangas i	ninth	cangaso
MITAS i	ten	eko MITAS i	tenth	mitaso

For figure 6 (1 +5) ningot as i, 7 (2 +5) 8 (3 +5) Was added - i have the roots of 1 (ningot), 2 (nij) and 3 (NISO turns into nico). Name followed by a measurement - i have to exchange aso.

11 to 19, there are as follows: 15 = ten with five MITAS = i acitc Nanan or MITAS o (name of measure)

20 is nictana or contraction of nij and Mitani is "two tens".

30 to 100, we continue to count in ten or 30 (NISO middle age), 40 (or middle age), 50 (nano middle age), 60 (ningot midlife aso) ... etc. 100 (mitaso midlife).

200 to 1000, it says 200, two times ten is ten nijin mitaso Mitan.

For 1000, it says "the big dozen dozen" is Kitc mitaso Mitan. But the use of "thousand" in French is more widespread and has given a form with Algonquin min. So it is easier to say 100 000 with midlife mitaso min.

Example 1868: ningotin Kitc mitaso midlife acitc nic asin mitaso aso ningot acitc midlife midlife acitc nic i have.

Pronouns

There are six sub-categories of pronouns compared to eight sub-categories in French. There is no pronoun numeral and quantity in Algonquin.

the personal pronouns are of two kinds and is a category of pronoun used to designate the three types of grammatical persons (I, you, he) or isolated personal pronouns are separated from the verb with a prefix and sometimes act as possessive pronouns.

- Or I, we, my, my, my, our, our.

- Ki: You, you, your, your, your, your and us, we are our inclusive.

- O, ot, we: his, her, he, they, her, them.

Chiman	boat
nor Chiman	my boat
ki Chiman	your boat
o Chiman	his boat

Possessive pronoun

- Min: me, mine, mine, mine, mine.

- Kin: you, yours, yours, yours, yours.

- Win: he, she, his, hers, his, hers.

- Ninawint: we, ours, ours, ours.

- Kinawint: we (inclusive), ours, ours, ours.

- Kinawi: you guys, yours, yours, yours.

- Winawer: nous, they, theirs, theirs

Pronoun demonstrative pronouns are used as adjectives and gender animate or inanimate.

Anime: - aam: one, this one.

- IAAM: one, that one.

- Okom: they, them.

Inanimate - oom: this, this, this.

- Iim: one, that one.

- Onoma: they, them.

- Inim: these, those.

In the following expressions, the demonstrative pronoun is always used with or without the name: these men will, those, that farm, that.

Indefinite pronoun , which represents an element (either textual or sentential in nature, is such referential) in uncertain, imprecise, vague. They are like adjectives of the same name.

- Awiyah, awiiak: someone.

- Keko: something.

- Awekwen: anyone.

- Wekotokwen: anything.

- Nibin: a lot.

- Nanint: few.

- Kakina: all, all, everything.

- Pejik: one.

- Kotak: other.

- Pepejik: one by one, one to each.

Relative pronoun that is just ka and that is: who, what, where, why, where, why, where, whom, which and whose.
Interrogative pronoun is a variety of interrogative tool. This is mainly pronouns "which" (flexion and its "what, what, what)," which "(and its inflections" which, whom, which ... ")," who, what, what "and" where. " They are like demonstrative pronouns together and adjectives.

singular: - awenen: who, what, what, where, which led to the kind

- Wekonen: what, how, what, where, for which the inanimate kind.

In the plural: - awenenak: who, what, what, where, which led to the kind.

- Wekonenan: What, what, where, for which the inanimate kind.

The dubious : - awekwenitok: who?

- Wekotokwenitok: What?