| Number of speakers | over 700,000 Intergenerational Transmission small minority since the 1980s Language features  The dissemination area traditional signs above the Western dialect of German (= Alemanni) in the 19th and 20th century. Note that Alsace and the northern hump around Wissembourg are not included. Among the traits that separates Alsace from the standard German , German literary "Schriftdeutsch" or "Hochdeutsch" include among others the absence of the Bavarian diphthongization said: "Wyn WYH or" for "Wein" "hus" for "Haus" palatalization "u" long and the maintenance of old diphthongs: "watch" to "gut" (formerly "Guotai"), a certain relaxation articulatory "sewa" for "sieben"; the passage of in addition to this treaty. Membership of Alsace in France has passed on the lexical level. Being cut off politically from the sphere of standard German , which, in Germany, in Switzerland , Austria, Liechtenstein and elsewhere, serves to speakers of Germanic language written (Schriftsprache), allowed the preservation of many archaic, unintelligible even today in Baden, on the other hand, the dialect has ceased to borrow from the French , and lose in richness of vocabulary. These two trends separate the Alsatian Germanic dialects of Germany and Switzerland may be more than purely phonetic features. pronunciation of Alsatian Vowels | Vowel | French vowel | French pronunciation | example | example Consonants | Consonant | French consonant | French pronunciation | example | example One simple grammatical Verbs Alsatian is a Germanic language and as such its syntax is very close to that of German. It uses a logical mostly retrograde. For example, adjectives are placed before the name (the blue car: der Blaie Wage of The simple sentence In normal times, a simple sentence is built according to the following: subject + verb + / noun / adjective. Whatever happens, the verb must always be in second position in the sentence. Thus, if the proposal begins with a complement, the subject will be moved after the verb, so follow this axiom. Examples: - Jump: geh Conjugation of verbs in the present
The Alsatian has two present: the present simple (which is found in French) and the present progressive (be doing something), which gradually loses its meaning. The mode of conjugation is not complicated: the verb in the infinitive is composed of a radical which is graffe termination of the infinitive-e. Examples: stelle Example tense stelle - Ich stell The present progressive
The present progressive is formed with an auxiliary: due (to) This form can be used to train the beginner this simple form also quite childish, but entirely forgivable for a layperson. It only needs to know the conjugation due solely. - ich De The peculiarity of "fralsacien"
All these peculiarities of pronunciation of Alsatian dialect speakers led her to meet a number of difficulties in the use of French. First, note that before the end of the Second World War, most Alsatians living in very rural, and even for city dwellers, it was customary to speak only Alsatian home. German repression (which prohibited the use of French Alsace and even though very close to the German) has not helped matters. The Alsatian way spoke very little French he had learned in school. A number of phonemes or consonant clusters do not exist in Alsace and are found in the language of Molire, which says that j or v are skinned and f in ch. Moreover, as we have explained, there is no difference between b and p, d, t, and between g and k (more precisely, there is clearly a difference for an Alsatian, but it is unintelligible to one French), which does not facilitate the differentiation of sounds by an Alsatian. This phenomenon is no longer met as the elderly or those fluent in the dialect, but most young people. The only reminders of the Alsatian youth do not speak is their drawl, which results in elongation of certain syllables, essential characteristic of Germanic languages. Such features, as well as the apparent hardness of phonemes have led many to mock French Alsatians hatred exacerbated during the war, by the resemblance between hearing him speak Alsatian and German speaking. The association of ideas was quickly achieved, and the Alsatian accent associated with the Nazis by some, to Yiddish by others ... Many refugees have suffered from this confusion during the war and after liberation. This discrimination does not date from yesterday. From 1674, the French believed that the few Alsatians to know their language uttered evil (ie with a Germanic accent). In the nineteenth century , "the accent of a man like Humann, several times minister under Louis Philippe and frequently living in a society purely French, continued to provoke the taunts of anti-dynastic newspapers of Paris. They reported that, Humann said the forum "My plans are destroyed," the House had included "My pike trout are" . " Very often, the focus of southern France (whose populations are cons Romance language and therefore much closer) is judged more favorably, although, come to listen, there are sometimes very strong similarities in the pronunciation of certain syllables and especially of certain vowels, an aspect often dismissed, forgotten or simply undetected because of the "hard" consonants. This particular pronunciation, and the existence of particular expressions - born of a literal translation of certain expressions and Alsatian Germanic - have given rise to what we now call fralsacien, a colorful French-speaking and tones Alsace. This is little more than language that is now known in France as well as young Alsatian, as the dialect and more generally the Alsatian disappear gradually in favor of French. Note that this fact was not obvious back fifty years, since 80% of the Alsatians was able to speak and understand their dialect, very few cons now. French politics after the war for the gradual disappearance of Alsace has much to do, since there was repression, particularly in schools, to punish users. "It is chic to speak French" was read on the bus Alsatian just after the war. This is the slogan that has survived until today and who popularized the belief that language is the Alsatian peasants and uneducated ... Phenomenon also exists for many other regional dialects. From this, an Alsatian wise say: "Wenn jeder vor SINR Tire tat Wisch, wr s'ganze Dorf enough" (if everyone swept in front of his door, the whole village would be clean) Usage  Inscription on a window Eguisheim : Tell Hausz sted in Godes Hand - God Be war es vor Feyre u (na Brand) ("This house is in the hands of God - May God protect it from heat and fire") Today, there is a strong reduction in the use of Alsatian. It is in urban centers, with their mobile populations, the decline was most notable. The French Revolution , during which the German states were in the enemy camp, marked a real period of intolerance but of limited duration. It is mainly out of the First and Second World War that the French authorities have worked to make the most use of Alsatian disappear in favor of French (see especially in education below). In this latter period, it was said among others that "it is chic to speak French." If the decline continues, however, shows that the Alsatian tends to be more resilient than other regional languages , more isolated, as Breton. In fact, the French regional language that has most resisted the policy of linguistic uniformity led by the French government: in 1991 some 400,000 Alsatians had bequeathed to their children. The sharp decline of Alsace began during the 1970s. The sixties, and even sometimes in their fifties, remember that as children they were surprised to hear them discuss the elderly in French on the street is in dialect, in the 1960s , children were offering tickets raffle. The emergence of television in family life is largely responsible for this decline: there is no chain in dialect, just a few programs on FR3 , and the young raised in the Alsatian-French bilingualism includes Alsatian outset French channels so it has a lot more trouble with the German channels. Culture Alsatian Many artists speak Alsatian, contributing to a specific culture, as Tomi Ungerer , Andr Weckmann , Rene Schickele , Jean Egen , Roger Siffer , Germain Muller , Liselotte Hamm and Jean-Marie Hummel , Ren Egles , Grussenmeyer Isabelle , Sylvie Reff , Kansas of Elsass , Christopher Voltz , etc.. Great poets have written and write in Alsace as in the case of Claude Vigee and Conrad Winter. Morgenthaler Simone has long hosted the popular show on a Siess (FR3 Alsace), translated Prvert and wrote plays in Alsatian.
Examples | French | German | Alsatian relates the dialogue between two soldiers in the Alsatian countryside of China from 1860 : - Schang, schint of Sunn Schun? (John, the sun is already up there?)
- Jo, Schang, of Sunn schint Schun lang! (But yes, John, the sun is up long ago!)
what convinced other French soldiers that the two friends spoke Chinese Some expressions Alsatian - Nummer to tote Fisch Schwimmer mit'm Strom Publications in Alsatian
Books for Children - E. and Mr. Sinniger-Wollbrett, s'Zwarichel vom Bschbarri, ed. Northern Alsace, 2002. ( ISBN 2951754639 )
Software References - See also
Internal Links Bibliography - Adolf Paul, comparative dictionary Multilingual French - German - Alsatian - English editions Midgard, Strasbourg, 2006. 372 pages
- Raymond Matzen, Daul Leon, Wie geht's? Dialect to everyone, Editions La Blue Cloud / DNA, Strasbourg, 1999. 256 pages
- Raymond Matzen, Daul Leon, Wie steht's? Lexicons Alsatian and French dialects, grammar, publishing The Blue Cloud / DNA, Strasbourg, 2000. 175 pages
- Paul Levy , Linguistic History of Alsace and Lorraine, Manucius editions, Coal, 2004 (rd., 1st edition 1929).
- Robert Grossmann , Hands Over my tongue , The Cloud Blue Publishing , 1999
- Jenny Alfonso & Doris Richert, Precis Grammar practice Alsatian ISTRA, 1984 ( ISBN 2-219-00364-7 )
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