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Aviation Organization International Civil
UN body
Organization type	Specialized agency of the UN
Acronyms	ICAO, ICAO, ,
Head	Secretary General Raymond BENJAMIN
Status	Active
Established	April 1947 Montreal , Quebec
Website	http://www.icao.int/fr/
Organization (s) parent
change

The Aviation Organization (ICAO, English ICAO) is an international organization that depends on the United Nations. Its role is to participate in the development of standards that enable the standardization of international aviation transportation (flights within a country are not affected by ICAO). Its head office is in Montreal.

The ICAO Council adopts standards and guidelines regulating the navigation (in English, Standards and Recommended Practices: SARPs), radio frequency sharing, patents aviation personnel, air traffic, etc.. It also defines the protocols to be followed during the investigation of air accidents, protocols that are respected by the signatories to the Chicago Convention

Do not confuse the ICAO with the IATA , a private association of airlines, whose headquarters is also located in Montreal.

Signing of the agreement based on the ICAO Chicago in 1944.

ICAO has been formally established in November 1944 by 55 countries.

In August 2009, the French Court of Auditors has lambasted ICAO, for its Technical Cooperation Bureau, responsible for all purchases of the organization, "ignores the operational situation, financial and budgetary." In addition, records management seems faulty (eg, reference materials not found records of employees and non-existent). In addition, ICAO has suffered a decrease of 9% of its revenues in 2008, making it financially precarious ^{Composition and responsibilities of its organs}

ICAO consists of an Assembly, a Council, committees and commissions. It has between 800 and 1 000 international staff including experts who can guide her. Most of them are located in Montreal.

The Assembly is the supreme body that brings together all member states. Legally speaking, all states are on an equal footing is to say that a state equal to one lane. It is not permanent: it should meet every year but since it is too expensive, it does so only every 3 years (since 1954). Missions:

• organize meetings
• vote the budget and control the accounts
• appoint members of the Council
• consider reports submitted by the Council

The simple majority rule applies except the most important decisions (majority of two thirds).

The Council is a permanent and effective (180 days / year). He oversees the administration of ICAO. Originally it was composed of 21 members but that number has gradually increased to 36 currently. Its members are voted upon by the Assembly but the Chicago Convention provides (Article 50) 3 criteria to guide the Assembly in the appointment:

• members are elected to ensure adequate representation of member states of importance in aviation
• they are also elected to highlight the contribution of some states such as those that contribute most to the facilities for international air navigation (eg Iceland, which is located at a strategic point at the road pole)
• ensure geographic representation from all regions of the world

These criteria aim to ensure best possible representation of Member States.

Mission (Art. 54):

• carry out the instructions of the Assembly
• inform the Assembly by providing reports
• appoint the various committees and commissions
• manage finances (the Assembly can not do that every 3 years)
• elect its President for 3 years (for re-election, he does not have the right to vote)
• appoint its Secretary General (CEO: chief executive officer): it is the permanent
• develop the "Standards and recommended practices" that constitute the 18 technical annexes to the Chicago Convention it must maintain

4 committees and a committee:

• Committee of Air Navigation
• Committee on Air Transport
• Legal Committee
• Finance Committee
• Committee to aid collective air navigation service

Activities

In 2007, ICAO has 190 member states and has 7 regional offices ( Bangkok , Dakar , Cairo , Lima , Mexico , Nairobi and Paris ).

The meeting elected every three years a council consisting of representatives from 36 states. The Board is assisted by a Technical Committee (Air Navigation Commission) composed of 19 members chosen for their expertise. The Secretariat of the Organization consists of 5 branches (aviation, air transport, technical cooperation, legal affairs, administration).

List of Chairmen

• Edward Warner ( USA ): 1947 - 1957
• Walter Binaghi ( Argentina ): 1957 - 1976
• Assad Kotaite ( Lebanon ): 1976 - 2006
• Roberto Kobeh Gonzlez ( Mexico ) since 1 August 2006

Standards

Since 1993, the Organization has lowered the standards for emission of nitrogen oxide by 20%.

ICAO and IATA have their own coding system for airports and airlines :

• The codification of airports by ICAO uses 4 letters following a geographic classification:
  • The first character indicates a continental region
  • The second character indicates the country or region of the country
  • the two characters are assigned by country
  • see for example the list of French airfields.
• The codification of the airports in the IATA 3-letter mnemonic uses, mainly used by airlines for nomenclature and information on commercial flights, booking tickets or labeling and routing of baggage and cargo. Eg. :
  • CDG for Charles de Gaulle airport at Roissy.
  • CDG to Orly.

ICAO is also responsible for coding systems for aircraft :

References

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