Azrbaycan Respublikasi (az)
Republic of Azerbaijan (en)
( Flag of Azerbaijan ) ( Arms of Azerbaijan )
National motto : None
Official Languages	Azeri
Capital	Baku
Largest city	Baku
Form of State	Republic presidential
- President - Prime Minister	Ilham Aliyev Artur Rasizade
Area - Total - Water (%)	Ranked 111th 86 600 km 2 Negligible
Population - Total ( 2010 ) - Density	Ranked 89 th 9000000 Hab. 103 inhabitants / km 2
Independence - Creation	USSR 30 August 1991
Demonym	Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan
HDI ( 2006 )	0.736 (medium) ( 99 )
Currency	Azerbaijani manat ( AZN )
Time Zone	UTC 4
National anthem	Walk Azerbaijan
Internet domain	. Az
Indicative Telephone	+994

Topographic map of Azerbaijan

The Azerbaijan, long form Republic of Azerbaijan, Azeri and is a country in the Caucasus. Its capital is Baku , its official language is the Azeri and its currency the manat. The country emerged from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991.

In 1804 , the Tsar Alexander conquers Ganja in Persia , which becomes Elizavetpol. The Treaty of Golestan in 1813 gave the Russian provinces of Persia, north of the Araks. The city of Baku is annexed and became the capital of the governorate under Turkmenchay Treaty of 1828 and the peace treaty concluded in Edirne.

During the war 1,877 - one thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight , Russia seized the region of Kars-Ardagan. In the late nineteenth ^century, Russia's oil wealth of the country. Baku became the world's largest producer of oil. Azeri relatively structured movement emerges at the same time.

In 1918 , Azerbaijan was proclaimed an independent republic and together with its neighboring countries Transcaucasian Federal Republic. Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan existed until 1920. That's when the first democratic country with a Muslim majority in Asia, and the first predominantly Muslim country to give voting rights to women. In 1920 , the country is occupied by the Red Army and attached to the USSR before being incorporated in 1922 in the Transcaucasian Federation and the USSR as the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic.

Azerbaijan declared its independence after the collapse of the communist bloc 30 August 1991.

Right out of the USSR , a war between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. This war was won by Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh became de facto independent.

Abulfaz Eltchibe , the leader of the Azerbaijan Popular Front (APF), is elected president by popular vote with 55% of the vote in June 1992. Following a brief civil war, he was dismissed in June 1993 and temporarily replaced by former Soviet leader Heydar Aliyev , leader of the Communist Party. The removal of Eltchibe is "accepted" by referendum in October 1993 and Aliyev was elected president with 98.8% of the vote.

Geography

Map of Azerbaijan

• Area: 86,600 km ²
• Density: 103 inhabitants / km ²
• Land borders: 2,013 km ( Armenia 787 km, Iran 611 km, Georgia 322 km, Russia 284 km, Turkey 9 km)
• Coastline: 713 km ( Caspian )
• Elevation Extremes: - 28 m (Caspian Sea) and 4485 m (Bazarduzu Dagi)

Subdivisions

Azerbaijan is divided into:

• 59 districts (in Azeri : rayon in the singular, the plural raionlar) ;
• 11 cities (hr singular) ;
• An autonomous republic (muxtar Respublika), the Nakhichevan , which itself contains:
  • 7 districts;
  • 1 city.
• A de facto republic: the Nagorno-Karabakh.

Cities

Districts of Azerbaijan

• Baku , the capital of the country.
• Ganja
• Sumqayt
• Sirvan ( Ali Bayramli between 1938 and 2008)

Politics

Azerbaijan is a republic with a presidential regime. Its leaders chose the political alliance with the United States.

Today, the United States are well established in the countries concerned by the strategic position of Azerbaijan in the Caucasus and the presence of oil. The Russian recovered a large influence in Baku. Iran has also approached the country due to the presence of a large Azeri minority of about 20 million people in Iran , but also because they seek an alliance to counter the Turkish influence on the region. The Azeri language is a group of Turkish and there are strong cultural and political ties with Turkey.

The President Heydar Aliyev , a former member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) has led the country from 1993 to 2003, an iron hand. Seriously ill, he was elected his son Ilham Aliyev to the presidency in 2003 elections with nearly 77% of the vote . The opposition took to the streets but repression and lack of support from the "international community" (as opposed to Georgia next door) have quickly ended any challenge. According to a poll conducted by Gallup in 1400 citizens of Azerbaijan, only 38% of respondents trust their army and 37% "partially trusted." In contrast, 52% of Azeris are satisfied with the economic situation in their country. In 2003, there were only 31% say that. 60% of respondents are optimistic about the country's economic development and 66% express interest in politics and the work of their government. Ilham Aliyev was reelected in the presidential election of October 2008 increased his score for 2005 of more than ten points to 88.73%. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) has found the election undemocratic .

Economy

Azerbaijan's economy is heavily dependent on the exploitation of oil in the Caspian Sea , which represents 70% of its exports and 50% of the state budget. Growth is high, about 34.5% in 2006 and 29.3% in 2007 according to the World Bank.

• GDP: 73.65 billion from USD
• GNP per capita: 9 000 USD

Infrastructure

• Telephone lines: 1,254,000 (in 2007 )
• Mobile Phones: 4300000 (2007)
• Radios: 175,000 (1997)
• Televisions: 17,000 (in 1997)
• Internet users: 1.036 million (in 2007 )
• Number of ISPs: 2 (2000)
• Roads: 59,141 km (including 29 210 km tarred) (in 2004 )
• Railways: 2,122 km ( 2006 )
• Waterways: 0 km
• Number of airports: 35 (including 27 with paved runways) (in 2008 )

Demographics

Demographic changes between 1992 and 2003 (figure in FAO , 2005). Population in thousands.

• Population (estimate 13.04.2009): 8,922,300 inhabitants
• Ages (2009 estimate):
  • 0-14 years: 23.9%
  • 15-64 years: 69.4%
  • + 65 years: 6.7%
• Life expectancy at birth (2009 estimate):
  • Total: 66.94 years
  • Male: 62.53 years
  • Female: 71.34 years
• Growth Rate of Population (2009 estimate): 0.762%
• Birth rate (2009 estimate): 17.62
• Mortality rate (2009 estimate): 8.32
• Infant mortality rate (2009 estimate):
  • Total: 54.6
  • Male: 60.2
  • Female: 48.27
• Fertility rate (2009 estimate): 2.04 children born / woman
• Migration rate (estimated 2009): - 1.69

Religions

93.4% of the population is Muslim , approximately two-thirds of Shiites and a third of Sunnis . 2.5% of the population is Russian Orthodox , 2.3% Armenian Apostolic predominantly in the breakaway republic of Nagorno-Karabakh and the remaining 1.8% had other beliefs . The rate of actual practitioners of various religions is much lower .

People of Azerbaijan

• Saiyid Imad-ad-Din Nassimi
• Muhammad Fuzuli
• Samed Vurgun
• Haji Zeynalabdin Taghiyev
• Uzeyir Hajibeyov
• Gara Garayev
• Fikret Amirov
• Mstislav Rostropovich , cellist and conductor Russian, was born March 27, 1927
• Isma'il
• Mmmd Rsulzad Emin , statesman
• Heydar Aliyev
• Ilham Aliyev
• Ali Khamenei
• Mir Hossein Moussavi
• Moussa Manarov , cosmonaut Azeri
• Mirza Khazar , journalist , editor , translator of the Bible.
• Muslim Magomayev
• Rashid Behbudov
• Vagif Mustafa Zadeh
• Aziza Mustafa Zadeh
• Teimour Radjabov
• Shakhriyar Mamedyarov
• Shovkat Alakbarov
• Brilliant Dadaova
• Alim Qasimov
• Safura Alizadeh

Azerbaijani Cuisine

Climate plays an important role in the formation of the Azerbaijani cuisine. The diversity of climate that the Azerbaijani cuisine is colorful and rich. Notes by foreign travelers visiting Azerbaijan, show that people grew wheat, rice, sesame, sugar beet, grapes, apples, tobacco, cotton, quince and produced meat (especially lamb) , caviar and fished.

The names of national meals have their origins in the art reminiscent of their preparations and regions where they come from. For example, the name of dolma just two words: doldurmaq means "complete" and dolamaq means "roll".

In the national cuisine of Azerbaijan meat from cattle and sheep is used. The records show that the meat of old horses and camels were also used. Azeris prefer the meat of mountain. It also uses fat, offal and guts of animals in Azerbaijani kitchen.

With the variety of rivers and streams, the Azerbaijani cuisine contains many fish dishes. Tastes of roasted fish, stuffed and shashlik (kebabs) are very popular fish.

Among the poultry products and eggs are used extensively in the national cuisine. Egg omelets (Sebz kuku), chicken egg (rtma) are common dishes appreciated. Azeris like to use milk products in their kitchen: atlama, dova, Dogramaci, ayrana.

Different kinds of bread as lavash , yukha, sengah, khamrali, tender Coreia, decorate the tables Azerbaijan.

Pasta prominently in Azerbaijani kitchen. In Azerbaijan kitchen meals prepared with flour as duchbr, Gurza, horra, khechile, khengel, etc.. Are rather eaten in winter.

The pastries are ubiquitous in the cuisine of Azerbaijan. Previously, farmers grew the beet sugar, they were producing honey and they used it in their kitchen. Azeris are proud of their baklava , chekerbouras, halvah, etc.. The various jams emerged through local production of sugar. The production of refined sugar in Azerbaijan began in the tenth ^century. Quince jam, dogwood, grapes, figs, nuts and other fruits are often served with tea. The sorbets made with fruits and sugar are served with pilaf.

Vodkas ( araq in Azeri) made based dogwood and blackberry are mainly used as a treatment for certain diseases. Formerly, the Azeris were preparing a drink called Buze, akin to beer.

The tea has a very important place in everyday life of Azerbaijan.

Codes

Azerbaijan has the codes:

• AJ, as the list of country codes used by NATO , alpha-2 code,
• AZ, according to the standard ISO 3166-1 (list of country codes), code alpha-2
• AZ, according to the list of international codes of plates ,
• AZE, according to the list of country codes IOC ,
• AZE, according to the list of country codes used by NATO , code alpha-3
• AZE, according to the standard ISO 3166-1 , code alpha-3 (list of country codes)
• UB, according to the list of prefixes ICAO airport codes ,

References

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