Banu Ifren

Zenetes . They form the first Berber Muslim dynasty that will reign in the Maghreb. According to some researchers, the word Africa derives from the name of the tribe Ifren .

In the Maghreb , the Ifrenides will uprisings against foreign occupiers ( Romans , Vandals , Byzantines , etc..). They undertake the side of the Kahena , the ^seventh century , against the Umayyads. In ^the eighth century , they will mobilize around the dogma sufrites to rebel against authority ( Umayyad and Abbasid ). Then, they realize a dynasty in ^the tenth century in confronting the Fatimids , the Zirids , the Umayyads , etc.. The Banu Ifren be defeated by the Almoravids and the coalition Hilalians - Hammadids in the late ^eleventh century. Ifrenides dynasty was recognized as the only dynasty that has defended the Africans in North Africa .

In Andalusia , the Banu Ifren manage to conquer and build the city of Ronda in the ^eleventh century and will have to govern in Cordoba for several years.

ar al-Ifriniyoune

790 - 1066

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Summary 1 Origin and territory 2 Berber mythology and etymology 3 History 3.1 In the Maghreb 3.2 In Andalusia Hakem 3.3 or lord in Andalusia 3.4 Characters 3.5 The Saints 4 Languages 5 brings cultural and historical writing of Berber and black African 6 Archaeology 7 Notes and references 8 Annexes 8.1 Article Related 8.2 External Links 8.3 Bibliography

Origin and territory

Ifren was a Berber king (deity). All the kings or Numidian Berber Gtules end in "n" as Medracen in Batna in the Aures in Algeria. Pliny and Mela called the wrens, as they descend from the old men, their names are carved into the mountain to Ifren Triplo in time former .

The Banu Ifren (in Tamazight : Has Yefren) are Zenetes ( Getulians ) . Ibn Khaldun traced their origin to Madghis ( Medracen ). Ifri had a child named Izliten. The latter had several children Ifren, Maghraoua and Irnyan. The Banu Ifren are a nomadic and sedentary Berber tribe. They are found in cities, plains and mountains in the Middle Ages. The tribe or Ifren Ifrenide or Iforen or Ifouras or (Ifuraces ^{, , , ,} or Afer in Latin) or Ash or Wafren or Yefren or Yafren Yafran or down of Ifri (the bin was added by the Arab writers, later told Ben Ifren or Ifrenides or Ifren: means in Berber language Zenetes cave, he was elected and chose to hide here and the month of August, according to the Tripolitanian Berber calendar (Julian) .

The Ifren were concentrated in the region of the Aures and the southern Hodna and the Zab . North of the Maghreb, Ifren ( Hodna , Mzab , Aures ), the Merendjisa, Beni Wargu ( Hodna ) are Ifren. The Beni Wassini (Wasin or Ouacine) (The Aures ) , The Maghraoua the Irnyan are brothers of Ifren . The Beni Yala (West and central Algeria), etc.., Are part of the Beni Ifren . The majority of chaouis of Aures are from Banu Ifren ^, .

To the south, several tribes Tuaregs are part of the Banu Ifren. The large tribe Azguez is formed by the Banu Ifren. In addition, the Banu Ifren Hoggar are divided into three strains: the n'Oukiren the n'Irdad (birds), n'Ettedel (drums) .

Berber mythology and etymology

Africa or Africa comes from Ifren . The latter comes from the radical Ifri which means a deity Berber , the plural is Ifri Ifren (every son and daughters are called Ifren IFRI).

The Latin translation or borrowing gives Africa (Africa) was a goddess before the Berber conquest of the Romans. Dea Africa means goddess and is a symbol of Africa in Roman times.

In addition, Ifri means Afers local populations.

Ifru or ifri symbolizes the rites in the caves to protect merchants. The cave near Constantine in Guechguech and Roman coin shows the myth of protection . Ifru was a sun goddess and a god even as caves and protector of the home or elsewhere. In sum, Ifru is a kind of Vesta Berber.

Before Islam, the Banu Ifren were pagans . However, according to historian Ibn Khaldun, on the eve of the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, several Berber tribes practiced Judaism and Christianity .

History

The history of Banu Ifren takes place in the Maghreb and Andalusia.

In the Maghreb

The Banu Ifren have played a role in North Africa in antiquity, they belonged to Zenetes ( Getulians ). These form the basis of Numidia. They had control of the Ophir gold since the time of the Phoenicians to the Romans .

The name of the African continent, formerly Ifriqiya (the Tunisia currently over the eastern regions of Algeria), derives from the word Ifri (cavern, grotto) and Ifren (a cave in the Berber language) that the Romans gave. Subsequently, Africa will be the name of the entire African continent ^{, , , ,} .

In Roman times, the Banu Ifren are divided into two parts: AFRIS (Romanized people) and Moors (people who are not romanized) .

Amazigh tribe was a warrior, experts cavalry ( raid and Fantasia ) especially since they had the beard , the horse Maghreb. Before the arrival of the Muslim army, or the Ifrenides Ait Ifren expelled the Franks and Byzantium who wanted to occupy the North Africa .

The Banu Ifren fought against the Vandals on their arrival to the interior regions of Algeria , which has limited the conquest vandals just north of Algeria. The Ifrenides alongside Zenetes were able to defeat and expel the Vandals .

In 544 , the Byzantines just exercise a power in the province of Constantine. However, the emergence of Berber uprising against the Byzantines causes the organization of several powerful states the Djerawa , the Banu Ifren the Maghraoua the Awarbas , and Zenetes .

And according to the Corripus Johannide at the time of John Troglita the reign of Justinian between 547 and 550 , The Beni Ifren made war with the Byzantines . According to several historians, including Ibn Khaldun , the Banu Ifren had a kingdom that would refer to Tunisia through the Aures to Tlemcen and Oujda to the ^seventh century.

During the beginning of the Muslim conquest, the Banu Ifren have played an important role . They have staged several revolts.

Before and after the death of Koceila , The Banu Ifren were the first to defend their territory alongside Kahina Dihia real name, also descending from the tribe Zenetes in the mountains of Aures. The Umayyads were expelled from the region .

Towards the middle of the ^eighth century, the Banu Ifren adheres to the dogma Sufrite. Qurra Abu Banu Ifren gathers all kharidjites cons power Umayyads and Abbasids. He returned home victorious and founded the capital Agadir (currently Tlemcen ) .

At the time of Idrissids , the Banu Ifren accept the treaty of peace and submission to Idriss ^st .

^In the tenth century, the Banu Ifren and Maghraoua were opposed to all governments Umayyads and Abbasids . The Banu Ifren prevailed over western Algeria. And after the conquest of Zirids vassals Fatimids , the Banu Ifren occupy almost all of Morocco today alongside Maghraoua vassals Umayyads until the arrival of Hilalians and Almoravids.

The tribe of Banu Ifren will be the first Berber Muslim dynasty , alongside Maghraoua , from 740 in 1033 , to weaken the Umayyads and the Fatimids in both . It follows a period of disorder in which there was a burst of tribes Zenetes the Maghreb el Aksa and between Maghraouides Ifrenides.

The fight between Banu Ifren and Bologhine ibn Ziri the dynasty Zirids will be paramount in the Maghreb. Bologhine ibn Ziri to hold all the Banu Ifren and Zenetes will prohibit the breeding of horses . This will cause the defeat of the Berbers after the Hilalians cons. Jumper Ifuraces, dressed all in black on his horse during the night and day, keeping all the plains and surrounding mountains, is private in its soul in the eastern regions of Algeria. The Zirids enter the West and defeat all Zenetes. The Umayyad will help to regain Maghraoua Magherb central and west.

^In the eleventh, the Banu Ifren Berghwata conquer the territory, they are allies of the Emirate of Cordoba . They are masters of the regions they conquered and they founded cities such as Salt , Kasba Tadla , etc.. . Control of Fez will be the scene of battle between the Banu Ifren and Maghraoua. Each of them will sit on the city .

The Banu Ifren will address Berghouata and take their primary location.

Then, the Banu Ifren will be defeated by the alliance Hilalians - Hammadids in 1058 . Abu Soda will be the last chief of the Banu Ifren controlling the Berber troops .

Subsequently, the Almoravids , formed Sanhadjas and Lemtonas (some tribes Sanhadjas were related to Banu Ifren and most formidable of all the Berbers) , will attack and Beni Ifren Maghraoua the Maghreb to Western and Central take power in the Maghreb. There'll be thousands of dead side of the Maghreb el Aksa Ifrenides and Central, 1057 to 1080 . The Oussin and Ifren of Aures escape the massacres of the Almoravids.

In sum, the dynasty of Banu Ifren ends with the rise of the Almoravids in the South. The Almoravids take power later in the Maghreb during over a century .

At the time of the Almohad , the Banu Ifren resume their authority in the next Zenetes in the region of Tlemcen.

At the time of the Dynasties Merinids and Abdelwadides , the Banu Ifren were without power.

History of al-Andalus Edit
711 to 756 The Conquest
The Muslim Invasions (711-732) Legend of the Arab conquest Battles: Guadalete Tolosa | Poitiers Foundation of al-Andalus
756 - 1031 The Umayyads of Cordoba
Emirate of Cordoba Caliphate of Cordoba Almanzor Collapse
1031-1086 The Taifa
1086-1147 The Almoravids
Conquest Almoravid Zalaca Second period taifas
1147-1226 Almohads
Almohad conquest Las Navas de Tolosa Third period taifas
1238 - 1492 The Kingdom of Granada
The Nasrid (Emirate of Granada) Wars of Granada The " crucial year "
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Rulers of al-Andalus
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At the time of Hafsids , about 1437 , the Banu Ifren cast out Merinids central Maghreb and establish their power in Tlemcen ^{In Andalusia}

A first wave of Ifrnides were arriving in the Iberian Peninsula in the tenth century and had been well received in Cordoba. A second wave was received with favor by the Umayyad government in the late tenth century. The warriors were incorporated into the Berber militias of al-Andalus and their leader Abu Yedda received several territorial concessions. His descendants occupied a high rank in the militia znatiennes of al-Andalus. During fitna , a nephew of Abu Yedda, Nour Abu Hilal b.Abi Qura b.Douns managed to expel the area Takourouna the Umayyad governor Amir b.Fatouh ( 1044 - 1015 ). He moved to Ronda as an independent prince, under the division of territories decided by Sulayman al-Moust'ain we had nicknamed the "Imam of the Berbers." The kingdom of Ronda subsequently spent under the domination of Abbadides of Seville .

In Andalusia , because of the brutality of the Berbers, the Banu Ifren held an important security of the two largest cities of Andalusia , Cordoba and Seville in the era of Republican Ibn Jawhar to 1021 , and Ronda . The Banu Ifren take Ronda and declare themselves independent. The Banu Ifren will govern the region of Cordoba for several centuries .

Hakem or lord in Andalusia

Qurra the form of the Banu Ifren be lords of Ronda in the province of Malaga in Andalusia. Yeddes , it will be a military leader of the Berber troops who were at war against the Christian king and El Mehdi ^, .

Version 1 Corra's son, Abu Nour would be lord of the Banu Ifren Taifa of Ronda and Seville in Andalusia from 1023 to 1039 and from 1039 to 1054. The son of Nur ibn Badis Hallal from 1054 to 1057 in Ronda. Abu Nacer from 1057 to 1065 in Ronda .

Version 2 From Ibn Khaldun , Abu Yedda went to Spain with his brothers, Abu Corra, Abu Zeid and Attaf .

Abu Nour Ronda takes strength to 1014 from the hands of the Umayyads. He declared an independent province ( Taifa ) and belonging to Banu Ifren. Abu Nour built many important buildings and reinforce the walls of the city's defenses. It is from this moment that the city of Ronda take its urban configuration until today . Around 1058 , Abu Nour is invited to his rival Ibn Abbad lord of Seville. Abbad ibn Abu Nour try to trap him with a letter from a so-called concubine of his son. Abu Nour decides to kill his son.

In the end, Abu Nour discovers the truth, he will die of grief .

Around 1065 , Abu Nacer takes power later, being the second son of Abu Nour. He was killed by treachery by a member of his guard closer, who was employed by Ibn Abbas .

Characters

• Carcasan military leader, he participated with his troops in the struggle against the Byzantines in the middle of the sixth century in what is now Tunisia in Gafsa and the Aures .
• Ierne military leader, he will oppose a military leader and the Byzantines.
• Sidisan, he made war on the Byzantines.

• Abu Qurra , Agadir ( Tlemcen ) was founded by the king of Tlemcen, Abu Qurra and at the same time caliph of the tribe of Banu Ifren in 790. Tlemcen became the capital of the Berbers sufrites of Banu Ifren. The city was built on the ruins of pomaria. Qurra Abu invites Idriss ^I. to stay in Agadir (Tlemcen). Idriss ^I. built a large mosque .

Qurra Abu el Ifrenide in 765 , is the first founder of the kingdom Kharidjisme Sufrite in North Africa. He had 350 000 horsemen under his command. This enabled him to seize power in Umayyad and Abbasid caliph in Maghreb.Le kharidjiste Qurra, circa ( 767 to 776 ) was able to gather all the Berbers. Qurra besieged the city of Kairouan , once the head of Ifriqiya (Tunisia) died. In the end, Qurra relinquishing command because Yazid Ibn Haten breeze coalition Berber. The shipping company that Qurra has made the biggest loss to date of the son of Ifren. Subsequently, the Banu Ifren will abandon kharidjisme gradually after Abu Yezid. The kharidjisme will become Ibadism with the arrival of the Persian Ibn Rustom .

• Abu Yezid

The leader Abu Yezid , from the tribe of Banu Ifren of Tunisia , natitf the city of Tozeur in Tunisia , it raises issues of Ifrenides tribes (the son of Ouargou and Merendjisa) and all Chaouis of Aures . Yezid Abu , said the man with the donkey, alongside the cult leader Abd-el Hamid Nekkarite el Ama, said the blind man, will fight to the Fatimids. Eugene Guernier said about abu Yezid "The doctrine of the Berber was fierce and energetic in these words: hunt abroad, governing the country chosen by assemblies. It's always a democratic and nationalist who reappears on the pretext of a war of religion " . Yezid Abu will be in jail by the Fatimids then with the help of his son, he will escape the prison. It will bring together several tribes chaouis in the Aures who fight alongside him . In 942 , Abu Yezid make war with Zirids vassals of the Fatimids of Tunisia. Thereafter, Abu Yezid occupy Tebessa and take all the Tunisia with 100,000 men. The Fatimids suffer a great loss. Al-Mansur , chief of the Fatimids , Fatimid will be killed and eventually escape the fighting . Abu Yezid will be challenged by other tribal leaders and the public because of his actions. Zirides kharidjites attack. Abu Yezid die tortured in July 947 to Kairouan. All in all, the war between kharidjites Berber and Fatimids lasted five years . The Fatimids alongside Maghraoua will war heads Ifrenides thereafter .

• Abu Muhammad Ayub , He will make war against the Fatimids and is a specialist in Berber genealogy. He will remain in Cordoba and will be invited by the Umayyad Al Mansour.

The son of Abu Yazid say that the Berbers have apostatized twelve times , but when they were sworn to be before the Muslim conquest of Andalusia , they are fully invested in its cause . It would be the key witness's account of the history of Zenetes and his father and will be the main narrator, based Ibn Khaldun.

• Abd-Allah Ibn Bekkar ifrenide become chief, and his son Mohamed Ibn Yala based Ifgan or Frenda .
• Yala Mohamed Ibn

The Fatimids Bni Ifren discharge the west of Algeria. No thank you is a struggle against the company Ifrenides at that time . In 954 , Mohammed Ibn Yala will Oran , he will evacuate the inhabitants of the city to completely destroy the city of Oran in the burning . Yala will also Tiaret , he will establish his power in the Maghreb at the end. Yala will celebrate a public prayer of Tiaret in Tangier . Yala ibn Mohamed will later an alliance with the Fatimids . A member of the Fatimid al-Jawhar Siqilli or assassinate the Sicilian Yala Mohamed Ibn Frenda in at 958 at the end of his reign. Jawhar al-Siqilli destroy the kingdom of Ifrenides, Ifghan .

• Yeddou son of Yala Mohamed Ibn succeed his father, he will conquer Challa and Fez. Yeddou remove Fez to Ziri Ibn Atia of the tribe Maghraoua twice .

Yeddou wanted to overthrow the Umayyads. But Ziri Ibn Atia of the tribe Maghraoua kill about 3,000 men Yeddou . In 993 , Yeddou died in the desert.

• Habbous , the brother of Yala ibn Muhammad , will Kasba Tadla and make peace in 1015 with Kairouan.
• Temim Ibn Ziri

In 1029 , Ibn Temim Ziri , grand son of Yala Mohamed Ibn successor in command of the tribe Ifren, it will take to Temsna Berghwata. The first defeat of Berghwata in history. The region was conquered by the Berghwata Ifrenides. Temim Ibn Ziri built the Al Adhem ( ) to Salt . In 1033 , war erupted between tribal leaders and Ifrenide Maghraoua .

• Abu al-Kemal

Subsequently, Hammama Attia son of the tribe Maghraoua make war the chief of the tribe Banu Ifren emir Abu al-Kemal. This will trigger a holy war in the western Maghreb. It addresses the Jews and Berghwata. It will more than 6000 deaths among the Jews of Fez . By cons, Ibn Khaldun does not mean dead, but he will say recount the rich and also women are taken and considered as servants . Abu al-Kemal take Fez , but Hammama Tribe's Maghraoua save the rest of the people calling all the tribes and zntiennes Maghraoua to stop Abu-l-Kemal. The latter took refuge in Chala and died in 1054 , after Hammama Tribe's Maghraoua besieged the city for days.

• Youcef

After the death of Abu al-Kemal , Youcef became the leader of Banu Ifren, but after a year he died.

• Hammad became head of the tribe and died about 1066.
• Mohamed

Finally, the dynasty of Banu Mohamed Ifren ends with the son of Abu-l-Kemal, who fights the Almoravids. Mohamed died in combat in Chala. The capital of the Banu Ifren becomes a city Almoravid . The Almoravids exterminate almost all of Zenetes and Barghwata in the western region of North Africa .

• Yala Bhakti, he was the ruler of Tlemcen. The Zirids and Banu Ifren will conclude several agreements. Yala make war with the alliance Hammadids - Hilalians (Zoghba) and appointed Abu Soda as vizier .
• Abu Soda

The denier caliph, Abu Soda tribe of Banu Ifren, fought the Banu Hilal. It will be the last chief of all the Berbers to wage war against their invasion. During the last battle of the Berbers ( Zenetes and Hammadids ) against the Banu Hilal , Abu Soda will be beheaded in 1058. Therefore, Sanhadjas Zenetes and were to deliver the country to Hilalians .

• Yahia Ibn Yemloul leader of revolt in the time of Hafsids to 1384 in the Aures mountains in the east.
• Kacem Ibn Djenen imam N'Gaous son of Hassin and builder of two mosques in the sixteenth century .
• Mohamed el-Saghir el Ifrini or Wafrani, scholar and historian of the seventeenth ^century between 1669 - 1744. He wrote several books, including Nozhet-elhadi translated by O. Houdas .
• The Emir Abd el-Kader Algerian symbol of the XIX ^century. He claimed to be from the tribe of Banu Ifren ^, .

Saints

Ibn Khaldun in his book that the prophet Muqaddima preislamic Moussa ibn Salih was either Banu Ifren either Ghoumari .

The sister of Yala Mohamed Ibn has never had a child attend a man. She will give birth to a child. This child will be named Kelman. Kelman was a lot of bravery and courage, he possessed supernatural powers and gifts. The Banu Ifren and Berbers called the "son of a lion"

Preceded by	Ifrenides	Followed by
Fatimids and Umayyads	Ifren dynasty	Almoravids