Politics and administration

Berlin, capital

Reichstag

Berlin again became the capital of Germany on 3 October 1990. Still, it took a vote tense and tight in the Bundestag , the 21 June 1991 - that the decision be taken to transfer effectively the institutions of Bonn to Berlin. The transfer of government and the Chancellor in Berlin took place in 1999. The unification of the Bundeslnder of Berlin and Brandenburg was rejected by referendum in 1996 if the Berliners have come out in favor of the merger with a majority of 53.6% The proposal was overwhelmingly rejected in Brandenburg opposition with 62.7% . For proponents of this proposal, the objective was to create a significant capital region and the project is indeed timely, and further consultation should take place when public opinion is deemed ready by political leaders.

Berlin, a city state

Mayor Klaus Wowereit

From the institutional point of view, Berlin is a city state (Stadtstaat) which coincide in the same organs and in the same territory the powers of the municipal government and those of member states ( Lnder ) that make up the federation. Hamburg and Bremen have a similar organization.

As Land Berlin sends four representatives to the Federal Council ( Bundesrat ), where she participates in the voting laws. The city has extensive administrative powers, but also legislative powers, may regulate its own standards by a very wide range of fields. Thus, the state has jurisdiction over virtually all areas (education, culture, planning, welfare, transportation), except for those excluded from the Bund, the federal government. The power of the city-state is also reflected by the size of its budget, even if the debt service there is a considerable place. For in 2006 , the amount of debt was 60 billion euros .

Like the other Lnder, Berlin has a constitution which compliance with the laws of the State is controlled by its Constitutional Court. Replacing the previous text dating from 1950, the current Constitution of Berlin in 1995. It is modern, giving particular attention to the environment.

Executive power is exercised by the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin) government headed by the mayor-governor (Regierender Brgermeister) and composed of eight members. They are at the head of an administration senatorial (Senatsverwaltung) organized itself into ten departments. The mayor-governor and Senate are responsible to the Chamber of Deputies of Berlin (Abgeordnetenhaus von Berlin), parliament unicameral consisting of one hundred thirty deputies elected for five years through a poll partly majority district and partly proportional.

The boroughs of Berlin

The administrative organization is established, under the principles established by the Constitution of Berlin , by Land legislation. Yet it provides a territorial decentralization articulated into districts (Bezirke). Each is a community governed by a board elected by direct universal suffrage under the proportional, headed a mayor and five executive members. Not only the districts have a real political legitimacy, but they have increasing powers. Their number, who was 23 in 1990, was also reduced to 12 in order to strengthen their administrative structures (measure passed in 1998 and entered into force in 2001). Although subject to the supervision of the executive of the Land, the districts have since 1995 with a range of expenses, through an endowment given them broadly and without constraints.

Current 12 districts and 95 districts

Security

In 2005 , Berlin is in second position with respect to the rate of crime in Germany (15,002 crimes per 100 000 inhabitants) .

A tour in Berlin

The district Mitte with Unter den Linden

Berlin is not a gray city, sad but enlivened by several rivers, canals, parks and lakes ( Havel , Wannsee , Mggelsee , Spree , Dahme , Landwehrkanal ). She also has a classic old architecture and rich.

Berlin has developed from the old core of the city, Nikolai (now near Alexanderplatz ), the twin city Clln , foundations of cities and princes as Dorotheenstadt Friedrichstadt and finally the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920 which has incorporated previously independent cities as in Spandau , Charlottenburg or Kpenick , forming a Berlin of four million inhabitants. Because of this decentralized development, Berlin has many things to see in its center and in its periphery. For various reasons, the Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor) has become the emblem of the city - and more, as it represents the unification of the two Germanys. Two towers soar into the landscape of Berlin: the Fernsehturm (television tower) on Alexanderplatz in the district Mitte , and Funkturm (radio tower) located in the Exhibition Park of Charlottenburg.

In the historical center

The Brandenburg Gate

The Berliner Dom

Gendarmenmarkt

Bebelplatz , the " Buddy Bears ": Berlin symbol of tolerance and understanding among peoples

• The Museum Island (Museum);
  • The Berliner Dom , the cathedral Berlin's historic, beautiful interior;
  • The Lustgarten : Garden on the Museum Island ;
  • Several museums: the Pergamon Museum (where the particular concerns of Babylon and the Altar of Miletus ), the Bode museum , the Old Museum devoted to the collections of Greek antiquities, the New Museum that combines the collections of Egyptian antiquities (including the famous bust of Nefertiti ) and those of Prehistory and Antiquity , and the Old National Gallery.
• Unter den Linden (avenue magnificent old with many historic buildings);
  • The Neue Wache : dedicated to the victims of wars. It contains a copy of the sculpture of Mother and son died of Kthe Kollwitz ;
  • Former Arsenal (Zeughaus) houses the ( Deutsches Historisches Museum );
  • The Staatsoper Unter den Linden , the most beautiful of the three operas in Berlin;
  • The Cathedral of St. Hedwig ( Catholic ) on Bebelplatz where a monument in memory of the books that were burned by Nazi students fanatics in 1933 (the middle of the square, a window on the floor lets discover the empty rows of a library);
  • The Alte Bibliothek (nicknamed "the dresser"), now an annex of the Humboldt-Universitt ;
  • The Humboldt-Universitt ;
  • The Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Deutsche Staatsbibliothek known at the time of the GDR ), now one of the largest scientific libraries of the world;
• The Brandenburg Gate (Brandenburger Tor): a true symbol of Berlin and Germany reunified, it appears on German euro;
• The Pariser Platz where the French Embassy, U.S. Embassy;
  • The Adlon Hotel , one of the most renowned Berlin, where, for example, stayed Chaplin ;
  • The Academy of Arts Berlin , Berlin art institution since the seventeenth ^century;
• The Alexander and Nikolai;
  • The Fernsehturm : the television tower with its 368 m height is the tallest building not only the city but also the whole of Germany (second in Europe after the Ostankino Tower in Moscow );
  • The Rotes Rathaus ("Red Town Hall" because of the color of its bricks): The historic town hall in front of which lies the beautiful Fountain of Neptune (Neptunbrunnen);
  • The Marienkirche;
  • The Nikolaikirche , easily recognizable in the panorama of Berlin with its two towers;
• The Gendarmenmarkt (Place des gendarmes), arguably the most beautiful square in Berlin;
  • The Konzerthaus Berlin (former Schauspielhaus);
  • The Deutscher Dom (German Cathedral, south of the square) and Franzsischer Dom (French Cathedral): today they cater respectively the Museum of German parliamentary history (free admission) and the Museum of Huguenots.

• The new synagogue : it is not, despite its name, a modern monument, but date of 1859 ( Eduard Knoblauch , architect ). It is a remarkable example of pastiche Byzantine and Moorish style "orientalist". A famous photograph shows that the burning is often captioned as a Nazi arson. This has occurred in 1938 , but did little damage. The photo was taken in reality in 1943 , during an Allied bombing raid that has him completely destroyed.

It is in the Oranienburger Strasse street today very touristy, where many cafes and restaurants, Tacheles Haus and the old Post Office. True symbol of Judaism , it was rebuilt exactly in 1993 and is subject to constant surveillance with regard to fears of vandalism, anti-Jewish character. Its golden dome is visible again by far;

• The Hackesche Hfe : a collection of buildings arranged around courtyards (Mietskaserne).

In the mid-west

The Tiergarten with Siegessule

• In the Tiergarten ;
  • The Victory Column , or Victory Column. Many events are held on the streets June 17 ( Strasse des 17. Juni ), the Victory Column is often a gathering point;
  • The Chteau de Bellevue (Residence of the President )

• Side of Kurfrstendamm ;
  • The Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church or "Memorial Church" the church was seriously damaged during the Second World War and was kept unchanged as a memorial. Because of its form, it is nicknamed the hollow tooth by the Berliners;
  • The Europa-Center: multi-story shopping center with "The clock of time passing;
  • The Kranzler Eck;
  • The "Theater des Westens" (Theatre West);
  • The Zoologischer Garten , a zoo in the heart of the city: the largest in Europe. It is also the name of a railway station near the zoo;
  • The Deutsche Oper Berlin in Bismarckstrae in Charlottenburg ;
  • The KaDeWe (Kaufhaus des Westens): The largest store in continental Europe;

The new Berlin around Potsdamer Platz

The Sony Center on Potsdamer Platz

• The Potsdamer Platz (Potsdamer Platz). The area has been completely rebuilt. It was an area of no man's land when Berlin was divided. This vast empty space in the center (Potsdamer Platz was before the war one of the most important centers of Berlin) has been the delight of architects - including the famous Richard Rogers , Rafael Moneo , Renzo Piano , Arata Isozaki - who have been embark on the wildest projects. The new neighborhood is built it is resolutely turned towards the future;
  • The Sony Center (remarkable dome) with the Film Museum, the Kaiser-Saal and cinemas (including an IMAX );
  • The complex of Daimler including the Mall Arcades (Arcades), cinemas (including an IMAX ), a musical theater and a casino;
• The Kulturforum ;
• The a href = "Philharmonie_de_Berlin" alt = "Berlin Philharmonic"> Philharmonie concert hall of record of the Berlin Philharmonic , called a time "Cirque Karajan "by Berlin to honor the man who was chief from 1954 to 1989;
• The New National Gallery Berlin
• The Tempodrom , with Liquidrom.
• The Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe , inaugurated in May 2005.
• A documentation center on the apparatus of terror of the Nazi regime should be built near the Potsdamer Platz. The work began Nov. 2, 2007. The amount of work is estimated at 24 million euros, an amount shared between the federal state and region. The center should be built where the Gestapo , the Nazi regime's secret police, the SS and the intelligence services had set up their headquarters ^{The district government}
  

  

  Chancery
  

  

  The new parliament building
  

  

  Castle Pfaueninsel

  This area - the "Band of the Federation" (Band des Bundes) - is built around the Reichstag, the seat of the Bundestag. This area was already previously devoted to politics and diplomacy.

  It contains:

  • The Reichstag was renovated between 1995 and 1999 by architect Norman Foster , in which the seat Bundestag , the lower house of German parliament;
  • The new parliament building (commissions, offices of the parliamentary groups, chair and bookcase);
  • The Chancery ;
  • The Wilhelmstrasse (Ministry of Finance, British Embassy);
  • The embassy district (Botschaftsviertel) near the Tiergarten.

  Other areas

  • The Hansaviertel in Moabit , district chosen for a competition for architecture in 1953 through which you can see 35 buildings made until 1957 by fifty-three architects worldwide including Alvar Aalto , Egon Eiermann , Walter Gropius , Arne Jacobsen , Wassily Luckhardt , Oscar Niemeyer , Paul Schneider Esleben and Max Taut.
  • Small castle of Humboldt (Humboldt-Schlsschen) to Tegel ;
  • Biesdorf castle;
  • Marzahn with his mill;
  • The Tierpark and castle Friedrichsfelde;
  • Castle Kpenick - reopened as a museum of Renaissance art, Baroque and rococo - and the island castle;
  • Grunewald hunting lodge ;
  • Glienicke hunting lodge;
  • The bridge spans the river Glienicke , who became famous through the exchange of prisoners and spies that it was time the Cold War;
  • The island Pfaueninsel (Peacock Island);
  • The district of Westend with the Olympiastadion , home of the Summer Olympics of 1936 but also the housing unit of Le Corbusier
  • The Berlin Wall with the East Side Gallery in Friedrichshain district;
  • The Karl-Marx Allee in Friedrichshain district;
  • The Oberbaumbrcke , a bridge that connects the districts of Friedrichshain and Kreuzberg;
  • The district of Prenzlauer Berg ;
  • The Checkpoint Charlie : the crossing point between East Berlin and West Berlin. The checkpoint (or recovery) is still there and a museum telling the stories of those who strived to try to move the wall was built nearby.
  • The Funkturm or radio tower;
  • The Charlottenburg Palace is surrounded by a beautiful park with water body, gazebo, flag;
  • The district of Kreuzberg , a district Turks in Berlin.
  • The Berlin Modernism Housing , in six suburbs of the city, classified as World Heritage by UNESCO since 2008

  Culture

  

  

  The district Friedrichshain

  After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 , many houses partially destroyed during the Second World War and rebuilt yet found themselves at the center of Berlin. They were in the neighborhood of Mitte "which was part of East Berlin. These abandoned places in the city center attracted many artists and became the breeding ground for all sorts of subcultures and other cultures-cons. Settled clubs including the famous "Treasury", a club techno largest in the world.

  The reputation of Berlin clubbing is recognized and coveted worldwide by legendary clubs such as the famous KitKatClub and, more recently, the Berghain , two institutions internationally known for their music programming combined with a certain sexual freedom of their customers.

  This cultural development passes including the occupation of buildings deserted by alternative artists. The example of Tacheles Haus on this point is quite remarkable. Berlin has a rich cultural life and diverse. Shows and events of all kinds abound. It is an international city, very open and tolerant, multicultural.

  

  

  Headquarters of Universal Music in Osthafen

  Today, Berlin is facing serious financial difficulties, but cultural events continue. It may be noted the Carnival of Cultures, an annual multi-ethnic street parade, and the CSD ( Christopher Street Day ), which is the largest gay event in Central Europe. These events attract millions of Berliners and are supported by the city government. Until 2003 and also in 2006, was also held each summer the Love Parade , the largest parade of lovers of techno music in the city center, in the Tiergarten.

  Although the population is decreasing and the unemployment rate is high, many young Germans and artists continue to settle in Berlin, making the city the capital of youth and pop culture in Germany. Moreover, in 2003, it was announced that the annual Popkomm, an international benchmark in the music industry, would take place in Berlin now, having held for 15 years in Cologne. In addition, the music channel MTV Germany has also moved its headquarters from Munich to Berlin in late April 2004.

  Finally, Berlin is also a reference to the cinema with the home each year in February the Berlinale , the international festival of cinema whose ultimate prize is the Golden Bear.

  Some museums

  

  

  Charlottenburg Palace
  

  

  The Jewish Museum
  • the Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg
  • the Neue Nationalgalerie (New National Gallery), one of the last buildings of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
  • the Bauhaus-Archiv
  • the Berlinische Gallery
  • the Brhan-Museum
  • the German Historical Museum
  • The Jewish Museum
  • the Brcke-Museum
  • the Gemldegalerie
  • the Jagdschloss Grunewald
  • the Kulturforum
  • the Museum Berggruen
  • the Museum fr Gegenwart in the Hamburger Bahnhof
  • the Musikinstrumenten-Museum
  • the Museum fr Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin (Museum of Natural History).
  • the Museum of the DDR (Deutsche Demokratische Republik)
  • the Dahlem Museums :
    • the Ethnological Museum
    • the Asian Art Museum
    • the Museum of European Cultures

  Museums Island

  

  

  The Bode Museum in the Museum Island
  Main article: Museum Island.

  The Museum Island is home to:

  • the Altes Museum (directed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel ): Greek antiquities;
  • the Altes Museum : Collection of art from the ^19th century;
  • the Bode Museum : A collection of Byzantine art , sculptures of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Office of medals;
  • the Neues Museum : Egyptian Antiquities;
  • the Pergamon Museum : collections of ancient Persia, the ancient Greek and Muslim art.

  Some theaters

  

  

  Theater des Westens
  • Berliner Ensemble ;
  • Deutsches Theater ;
  • Grips-Theater ;
  • Schaubuehne am Lehniner Platz ;
  • Theater des Westens ;
  • Volksbhne Berlin ;
  • Hebbel am Ufer ;
  • Maxim-Gorki-Theater ;
  • Konzerthaus.

  Cinema

  

  

  The Berlinale in February

  Berlin hosts each year in February the Berlinale. Some movies taking place in Berlin:

  • Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Grostadt (Berlin: Symphony of the city) ( 1927 )), silent film by Walter Ruttmann ;
  • Kuhle Wampe oder: Wem gehrt die Welt? ( 1932 ), on the Wampe Kuhle ;
  • The murderers are among us (Die Mrder sind unter uns) ( 1946 ), the first production under Soviet control;
  • Germany Year Zero (Germania anno zero) of Roberto Rossellini ( 1948 );
  • One, two, three (One, Two, Three), a satire of Billy Wilder ( 1961 );
  • The Legend of Paul and Paula (Die Legende von Paul und Paula) by Heiner Carow ( 1972 ), the cult GDR ;
  • Wings of Desire (Der Himmel ber Berlin) Wim Wenders ( 1987 );
  • Run Lola, run! (Lola rennt) by Tom Tykwer ( 1998 );
  • Sonnenallee of Leander Haussmann ( 1999 );
  • Berlin is in Germany ( 2001 ) One Day in Europe in Hannes Sthr
  • Good Bye, Lenin! of Wolfgang Becker ( 2002 );
  • Herr Lehmann ( 2003 ) by Leander Haussmann , in the neighborhood of Kreuzberg in 1989;
  • The Edukators (Die Jahre sind vorbei Fettene) by Hans Weingartner ( 2005 );
  • The Bourne Supremacy ( 2004 );
  • Downfall (Der Untergang) of Oliver Hirschbiegel , 2004;
  • Summer In Berlin (Sommer vorm Balkon) of Andreas Dresen , 2005;
  • The Lives of Others (Das Leben der Anderen) by Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck, 2007;
  • Valkyrie (Valkyrie) by Bryan Singer , 2008.

  Operas

  • Deutsche Oper Berlin ;
  • Komische Oper ;
  • Staatsoper Unter den Linden.

  Orchestras and choirs

  

  

  Berliner Philharmoniker

  Orchestras:

  • Berliner Philharmoniker : the famous orchestra once led by Herbert von Karajan and Claudio Abbado. It is the British Simon Rattle is now head of the Philharmonic;
  • Konzerthausorchester Berlin (formerly Berliner Sinfonie-Orchester) formerly led by Kurt Sanderling and Eliahu Inbal particular. The current leader is Lothar Zagrosek ;
  • Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester Berlin : formerly led by Ferenc Fricsay and Lorin Maazel in particular. The current leader is Ingo Metzmacher ;
  • Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin : formerly headed by Hermann Abendroth and Heinz Rgner particular. The current leader is Marek Janowski ;
  • Staatskapelle Berlin : Orchestra of the Opera Unter den Linden (State Opera), directed by Daniel Barenboim ;
  • Akademie fr Alte Musik Berlin : orchestra specializing in Baroque repertoire, often led by Ren Jacobs.

  Universities

  

  

  The Humboldt University
  

  

  Technical University of Berlin
  • Freie Universitt Berlin (Free University of Berlin);
  • Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin (Humboldt University of Berlin);
  • Technische Universitt Berlin (Technical University of Berlin);
  • Universitt der Knste (University of Fine Arts).

  Other similar institutions in business schools:

  • Hochschule fr Wirtschaft und Recht (Berlin School of Economics and Law);
  • ESCP Europe - Campus Berlin;
  • International Business School in Berlin.

  Other similar institutions in engineering schools:

  • Hochschule fr Technik und Wirtschaft ;
  • Beuth Hochschule fr Technik.

  Other similar institutions in technical universities:

  • Alice-Salomon-Fachhochschule fr Sozialarbeit /-pdagogik ;
  • Evangelische Fachhochschule ;
  • Hertie School of Governance ;
  • Hochschule fr Musik Hanns Eisler.

  Zoos

  In Berlin, there are two zoos: The Berlin Zoo (Zoologischer Garten Berlin), founded already in 1844 , and the Zoological Garden of Berlin-Friedrichsfelde (Tierpark Berlin), founded in 1954. Since the reunification of Berlin, the two agencies cooperate extensively, and since 31 January 2007 , they were led by one director.

  Economy

  

  

  Institute of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft in Adlershof

  Economics and politics are closely linked to Berlin for a long time: before the fall of the Wall, the western part of the city survived through grants provided by the FRG, which covered more than half of its budget. The employees then received a Berlinzuschlag Berlin, a special bonus to reward their loyalty Berlin.

  After the Fall, the elimination of federal subsidies to the west and the very ambitious policy of renewal of Berlin grown indebtedness of the city reached 20.6 billion euros in 1994 . Foreign investors have not come to settle so quickly that we had hoped and tax revenues are scarce, compared to expenditures on a population with a high rate of unemployment. Many companies in East Berlin have closed for lack of productivity. However, in 2007 Berlin was cleared for the first time in its history a budget surplus .

  With a GDP of 108.7 billion euros in 2004, the greater urban area of Berlin is the third in Germany after those in Munich and Hamburg . However, with an average GDP of 21,869 euros, it remains one of the poorest cities in the country.

  Historically, industry has an important weight in the economic development of the city. Entire neighborhoods are named after big names in German industry, as such, Siemensstadt, built in 1920 in the district of Spandau to the workers of this company. It is still headquartered, unlike many other companies in Berlin who left town after the Wall, for fear of being cut off from their suppliers and their markets. In the 1990s , Berlin has largely de-industrialized. The city has lost 45% of jobs in this sector .

  If the service sector plays a growing role in Berlin, the public remains the largest employer in the city. The development of the tertiary sector has also not been able to offset industrial decline. The city has lost 20% of its workforce and its unemployment rate in 2008 was 15.5% ^, . This rate decreased to 12.8% end of 2010 .

  Only the tourism sector has done well in the game and Berlin is the most touristic city of Germany. In 2007, it hosted 7.5 million visitors, with about 17.2 million overnight stays. Attendance is also markedly increased in recent years. The tourism sector now accounts for 255,000 jobs, and annual gross sales of over EUR 8 billion .

  To reduce administrative costs and return to Berlin at the neighborhood, an initiative to consolidate the federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg (Potsdam with its capital) in 1996 was rejected by the people consulted by referendum. Thus, Berlin has had to face alone the economic and political challenges of the late ^twentieth century, including the coming of the German government.

  Transport

  

  

  The Hauptbahnhof (main station)

  Berlin is well served by public transport operated by the Berlin transport (BVG): the network of city trains ( S-Bahn Berlin ), subway ( U-Bahn ), tram (MetroTram) and bus provides coverage substantially complete the city both day and night. On Friday evening, Saturday evening and holiday eves, subways and S-Bahn even work continuously throughout the night. During the week buses replace subways between about 1 pm and 4 pm 30. Berlin also has 6 lines of public ferry (boat).

  The city is crossed from east to west by the Berliner Stadtbahn. On this particular line are stations Ostkreuz, Warschauer Strasse, Ostbahnhof , Jannowitzbrcke, Alexanderplatz , Hackescher Markt , Friedrichstrae , Hauptbahnhof , Bellevue, Tiergarten, Zoologischer Garten , Savignyplatz Charlottenburg Westkreuz.

  

  

  The S-Bahn Berlin

  After reunification, many studies have taken place to transform the former Lehrter Bahnhof (train station Lehrte ) Fame Hauptbahnhof (main station) into a real station: it has become the central hub of Berlin for rail and S-Bahn on the east-west. The connection to an axis of S-Bahn north-south subway and denser (with the extension of line 5) is programmed. Part of the work (particularly on services to the station by urban transport) is delayed or suspended indefinitely due to lack of funding, Berlin was on the verge of bankruptcy. The train came, however, according to the regional interregional and international traffic 28 May 2006. The existing East-West link was completed by a North-South link (part of Pilzkonzept, "Concept of the fungus).

  

  

  Map of Berlin with 3 airports

  The network was completed in 2002 by the restart of the entire railway belt which had been divided by the wall and then set off to West Berlin. The S-Bahnring or Ringbahn can go around the city in 60 minutes exactly.

  After construction of the wall , the two parts of the city had chosen their own transportation. In the West, was privileged lines Berlin subway (U-Bahn). The historical lines already served mostly prewar western neighborhoods. The West Berlin authorities have chosen to strengthen the network, providing fast and reliable service.
  In the East, a large part of transport is by trams , which disappeared in the West, where they do their-shy-recurrence (including Wedding). Several bus and tram called "Metro" also allow rapid movement through the city. The extension of the belt line M10 to Central Station (old station Lehrte ) is underway.

  On the motorway network, the city known for now only half a ring road on the west side and it should eventually be closed. There is a second ring road that circles the city at a greater distance (the motorway A10) which is the largest device in Europe.

  For railways, the Deutsche Bahn is run trains and regional express and the ICE.

  For air transport, Berlin has two airports : Tegel and Schnefeld. The airport's historic Tempelhof , the third largest building in the world (along 1.2 kilometers) behind the a href = "Pentagone_ (% C3% 89tats USA)" title = "Pentagon (USA)"> Pentagon and the Parliament Palace in Bucharest , the iconic building 'Nazi architecture and became famous during the airlift organized by the West during the Berlin blockade , closed its doors Oct. 31, 2008. It will be followed by Tegel, whose closure in 2011 or 2012. As for Schnefeld being enlarged by a completely new construction, in 2011 it will become the largest airport Berlin Brandenburg International - BBI ( IATA Code : BER) thus concentrating all traffic Berlin on one site.

  Berlin is a city famous for its tour of the star , an event organized by the German cycling club ADFC. In 2004, 250,000 riders have participated from the Berlin police.

  For travelers, there is a special price, this offer is valid for two people. With this offer you can enjoy a carriage which may be valid in Berlin, Bavaria, Hesse and Brandenburg same. This option provides for two people the privilege to move wherever you want in the cities above. But it has a duration of 15 days.

  Sports

  

  

  Olympiastadion , stage of Hertha BSC Berlin.

  Berlin hosted the Summer Olympics of 1936 and was one of the cities of the World Cup soccer in 2006 it hosted the final at the Olympiastadion. The World Athletics Championships 2009 were held in the Olympiastadion in Berlin in August. The Berlin Marathon is held annually in the city center as the athletics meeting ISTAF counting for the Golden League. The WTA Tour , all the women's tennis tournaments, including the German Open held annually in the city since 1979. Founded in 1896 , is one of the oldest tennis tournaments for women. FIVB World Tour has chosen a site near Alexanderplatz to present an annual Beach Volleyball Tournament.

  Berlin is the city of Hertha BSC Berlin , a team of football of 1. Bundesliga , team handball to 1. Bundesliga 's Fchse Berlin playing in a room of over 10 000 seats and team basketball of ALBA Berlin (known as the albatross of Berlin, who plays in the same room), who won all the championships National between 1997 and 2003. Berlin is also the city of Eisbren Berlin of the German Championship in ice hockey , a team that was founded at the time of East Germany. ^1, became the new champion 3. Bundesliga in the 2008/2009 season, the team of football 's 1.FC Union Berlin will play 2. Bundesliga next season.

  Club	Sports	Founded in	League	Stage	Coach
  Fchse Berlin	Handball	1891	Bundesliga Handball	Max-Schmeling-Halle	Jrn-Uwe Lommel
  Hertha Berlin	Football	1892	2. Bundesliga	Olympiastadion	Markus Babbel
  ALBA Berlin	Basketball	1989	Basketball Bundesliga	O2 World	Luka Pavicevic
  Eisbren Berlin	Ice Hockey	1954	LED	O2 World	Don Jackson
  Union Berlin	Football	1906 / 1966	2. Bundesliga	Alte Frsterei	Uwe Neuhaus

  Famous People

  

  

  Marlene Dietrich
  

  

  Nina Hagen
  

  

  Katarina Witt
  

  

  Nora Tschirner

  In Berlin were born:

  • Walter Gropius ( 1883 - 1,969 ), architect and founder of the Bauhaus
  • Michael Ballhaus ( 1935 -), director of photography
  • Frank Castorf ( 1951 -), director and current director of the Berlin Volksbhne
  • Helmut Newton ( 1 920 - 2,004 ), photographer
  • Joachim Fest ( 1926 - 2006 ), historian and journalist
  • Beate Klarsfeld ( 1939 -), anti-Nazi activist
  • Herbert Marcuse ( 1898 - 1,979 ), philosopher and sociologist, member of the Frankfurt School
  • Konrad Zuse ( 1,910 - in 1995 ), engineer and computer pioneer
  • Max Delbrck ( 1906 - 1,981 ), physicist and biophysicist
  • Alexander von Humboldt ( in 1769 - 1,859 ), naturalist and explorer
  • Paul Lincke ( 1866 - 1 946 ), composer and "father" from the operetta Berlin
  • Marlene Dietrich ( 1902 - one thousand nine hundred ninety-two ), actress and singer
  • Hildegard Knef ( 1,925 - 2 002 ), actress, singer and songwriter
  • Heinz Berggruen ( 1914 - 2 007 ), journalist and art dealer and founder of Berggruen Museum in Berlin
  • Myriam Bat-Yosef ( 1931 -), painter
  • Frederik Mey ( 1942 -), known in Germany as Reinhard Mey, singer-songwriter
  • Jrgen Prochnow ( 1941 -), actor
  • Nina Hagen ( 1955 -), singer
  • Rio Reiser ( 1,950 - in 1996 ), singer
  • Franziska van Almsick ( 1978 -), swimmer
  • Antje Buschschulte ( 1978 -), swimmer
  • Jeanette Biedermann ( 1981 -), singer and actress
  • Shin ( 1989 -), drummer Cinema Bizarre
  • Stefan Beinlich ( 1972 -), footballer
  • Guido Buchwald ( 1961 -), footballer
  • Thomas Hassler ( 1966 -), footballer
  • Judith Holofernes ( 1976 -), singer
  • Julia Jentsch ( 1978 -), actress
  • Niko Kovac ( 1971 -), footballer
  • Robert Kovac ( 1974 -), footballer
  • Max Liebermann ( in 1847 - 1 935 ), painter
  • Lortzing Albert ( 1801 - 1851 ), composer, actor and singer
  • Alexandra Neldel ( 1976 -), actress
  • Suzanne Roquette ( 1942 -), actress
  • Christoph Schneider ( 1966 -), drummer of Rammstein
  • Christian Lorenz ( 1966 -), keyboardist Rammstein
  • Kurt Tucholsky ( one thousand eight hundred ninety - 1 935 ), writer and journalist
  • Joseph Weizenbaum ( 1923 - 2,008 ), computer scientist and philosopher
  • Franz / Francois Willi Wendt ( one thousand nine hundred and nine - 1.97 thousand ), painter
  • Klaus Wowereit ( 1953 -), Mayor of Berlin
  • Erik Zabel ( 1970 -), cyclist
  • Katarina Witt ( 1965 -), figure skater

  In Berlin died:

  • Karl Abraham ( one thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven - one thousand nine hundred and twenty-five ), German physician and psychoanalyst
  • Herluf Bidstrup ( 1 912 - 1988 ), Danish cartoonist
  • Bertolt Brecht ( 1,898 - one thousand nine hundred fifty-six ), author and director German
  • Helene Weigel ( 1900 - in 1971 ), actress and wife of Bertolt Brecht
  • Friedrich Ebert ( 1871 - 1,925 ), first president of the German Reich
  • Jakob Gapp , ( one thousand eight hundred ninety-seven - in 1943 ), priest Marianist Austrian martyr, beatified
  • Adolf Hitler ( 1889 - 1 945 ), German dictator
  • Karl Liebknecht ( 1871 - 1919 ), German politician
  • Rosa Luxemburg ( in 1870 - 1919 ), Marxist theorist
  • Anthony Mann ( 1,906 - in 1967 ), American filmmaker
  • Lupu-Pick ( 1,886 - 1931 ), German filmmaker
  • Ernst Schering ( one thousand eight hundred and twenty-four - 1 889 ), and German industrial chemist
  • Giuseppe Sinopoli ( 1,946 - two thousand and one ), composer and conductor
  • Rudolf Virchow ( one thousand eight hundred and twenty-one - in 1902 ), physician and politician

  Twinning and Partnerships

  The city of Berlin maintains partnership agreements with ^References

  1. Indicators for larger urban zones 1999 - 2003 , Eurostat. Accessed March 9, 2007
  2. http://www.urbanaudit.org/rank.aspx
  3. http://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article1040633/Touristen_stroemen_weiter_in_Rekordzahl_nach_Berlin.html
  4. www.berlin-in-ligne.com
  5. Fredrerick Taylor , The Berlin Wall: 1961-1989, p. 36.
  6. Source
  7. (de) Rule on the Treaty, with the text on the website of the Deutsches Historisches Museum.
  8. Final results of the referendum of 1996 in Berlin
  9. Final results of the 1996 referendum for Brandenburg
  10. Pascale Hugues, "Berlin bankrupt", in Le Point , October 26, 2006, No. 1780, p. 84
  11. International mail, web, 16/05/2006
  12. Ccile Calla, In Berlin, a documentation center out of the ground on the former headquarters of the Nazi terror, the world, November 4, 2007
  13. http://www.lexpansion.com/economie/berlin-a-deux-doigts-de-la-faillite_3529.html
  14. http://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/wirtschaft/haushalt_finanzen.fr.html
  15. Eurostat gives an average GDP of 21,869 euros to 4,971,331 inhabitants in 2004: http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx
  16. See BORST R., S. Krtke (Ed.), Berlin zwischen Boom und Krise Metropol, Opladen, Leske + Budrich, 2002
  17. (de) Berlin bleibt Spitze - bei der Arbeitslosigkeit See also

      Bibliography

      • Anonymous, A Woman in Berlin , Gallimard, coll. "Witnesses", 2006.
      • Cyril Buffet, Berlin, Fayard, 1993.
      • Albert van Dievoet, "The exhibition of Belgian art in Berlin," in L'Expansion Belgian illustrated monthly magazine, Brussels, December 1908, No. XI, p. 502-503.
      • Alfred Doblin , Berlin Alexanderplatz , Gallimard, 1981 ( ISBN 2-07-037239-1 )
      • Boris Grsillon, cultural metropolis Berlin, Belin, coll. "Globe", 2002.
      • Boris Grsillon & Dorothy Kohler, Berlin, capital in waiting " , Herodotus, ^No. 101, 2001 / 2.
      • Magnus Hirschfeld , The Gay Berlin, 1908. Notes, preface and nb. Schedules Patrick Cardon. Included: Ruth Margarete Roellig, lesbians Berlin, 1928. QuestionDeGenre / GKC, 2001.
      • Jean-Michel Palmier, Back in Berlin, Payot, 1989 ( ISBN 2-228-88212-7 )
      • Rgine Robin, Berlin sites: an essay on the past fragile, Stock, 2001 ( ISBN 2-234-05335-8 )
      • Ruth Margarete Roellig, lesbians Berlin, 1928. Pref. Magnus Hirschfeld. Description of contemporary lesbians cabarets of Berlin. Original and trad. Charles Adam. QuestionDeGenre / GKC, 2001.

      Related articles

      • Greater Berlin
      • German reunification
      • Remodeling Berlin
      • La Gazette de Berlin
      • Congress Hall in Berlin

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