History of the Isle of Man
Historical Periods
Prehistoric Isle of Man
Kingdom of Man and the Isles
Diocese of Sodor and Man
Topics
Economic History
Military History
Colonial History
Political History
Art History
Literary History
Manx Culture
Chronology of the Isle of Man
Leaders of the Isle of Man
Gateway to the Isle of Man

Flag of the Isle of Man.

The history of the Isle of Man is largely dependent on its neighbors: England , Scotland , Ireland , but also of Norway.

His name, in Manx Ellan Vannin come from Manannan Mac Lir , "son of Lir Manx, the Celtic god of the sea son. According to Irish mythology , Finn Mac Cumaill would snatch a piece of rock to throw at an enemy. The stone would have fallen into the ocean, would be born and the Isle of Man.

The history of the Isle of Man is generally divided into four periods. The first is that in which the Celts occupied the island, the second that of the Viking invasions and the takeover by the Scandinavians, the third corresponds to the time of British rule, and the fourth in history Contemporary since 1866 , the date from which the island has received increasing autonomy as a separate territory of the United Kingdom.

• to -500 : appearance of the Celts of the Iron Age type Latenian ) in the island.
• ^Fifth century : the installation of people from Ireland, requires the Gaelic (which will evolve to become the Manx or Manx) instead of Brythonic.
• to 488 : evangelization and Christianization by St. Maughold (he was converted by St. Patrick ).
• ^Seventh century : the reign of King Merfyn Mawr.

Occupation Scandinavian

• 798 : first incursions of the Vikings ( Danish and Norwegian ) in the Irish Sea. Throughout the ^ninth century , they will sow terror in the region while taking off on the continent.
• 880 : King of Norway took possession of the island. The Battle of Hafrsfjord (submission of various peoples by Norwegian King Harald ^I of Norway ) causes the exile of some of them to the islands and especially to Man. The Gaelic and Norse are the two languages Manx.
• ^Eleventh century : the Scandinavians are increasingly adopting social organization and customs of the Celts.
• 1014 : the Manx fight Brian Boru at the Battle of Clontarf , the call of their allies Dublin and Laigin.

Rushen Abbey

• 1 079 - one thousand and ninety-five : Danish Godred Crovan , sometimes called King Orry, control all the territory and organize a form of administration, establishment of Tynwald , an assembly of free men, making it the oldest parliament in the world. Relations with Norway distend.
• 1095 : Fighting between northern and southern parts of the island.
• 1098 : the Norwegian king Magnus III ( 1093 - 1103 ) reside in Man, the location allows it to conduct raids into the Ireland , the Wales and Scotland.
• 1150 : from that date, the Celtic rites are abandoned at the Abbey of Rushen , the most important religious center of the Middle Ages.

Taken possession of Scottish and English

• 1266 : July 2 , the Treaty of Perth in which Magnus VI of Norway cedes the Hebrides and the Isle of Man King of Scotland Alexander III ( 1249 - 1286 ) against payment of 4,000 marks, or 2600 pounds.
• 1275 : October 8 , Battle of Ronaldsway between a Scottish army and the troops of King Manx Godfred Magnuson who was killed. End of Scandinavian presence on the Isle of Man.
• 1290 - one thousand three hundred thirty-three : troubled times, Scottish and English rivalry for dominance of the island.
• 1313 : Robert ^I of Scotland (Robert de Brus in Normandy, king of Scotland from 1306 to 1329 ) is Castle Rushen , a princely residence, after a siege of six weeks.

English Domination

Rushen Castle.

• 1333 : Sovereignty of the King of England Edward III.
• 1334 : Edward III for the administration of Man to William Montacute , Earl of Salisbury, who enlarged Rushen Castle.
• 1392 : The island was sold to Sir William Le Scrope (later Earl of Wiltshire).
• 1405 : King of England Henry IV entrusted the island to John Stanley and his descendants for 350 years (the tribute is paid to the King of England).
• 1417 : first written reference to the institution of the House of Keys (Yn Chiara as Feed in Manx House of Keys in French).
• 1422 : "the Board of Twenty-Four" (House of Keys) enacts the Constitution of Man (normalization of parliament , the Tynwald ).
• 1458 : Archbishop of York established his religious tutelage at the expense of the Archbishop of Trondheim.
• 1504 : the title of Lord of Man (" Lord of Man ") replaces the" King of Man. "
• 1603 : Jacques ^I of England and VI of Scotland was the first bearer of the king two crowns.
• 1610 : Bishop Phillips wrote a translation of the Book of Common Prayer (Book of Common Prayer) in Manx which will not be published.
• ^Seventeenth century : the Manx is the majority language of the island - based on the Gaelic incorporates many borrowings from Old Norse , the language of the Scandinavians
• 1707 : The Duties of Christianity is the first book printed in Manx Gaelic.

The Isle of Man is excluded from the Act of Union that unites the kingdoms of Scotland and England in one State (the United Kingdom of Great Britain ) under the authority of the British Crown, worn by the sovereign of England, the Tynwald and the Manx government thus remain separated from the new UK Parliament and its new single government

• 1736 : James Murray, the Duke's family Atholm, from Scotland, became Lord of Man.
• 1764 : Manx sovereignty passes to the British Crown. The English king George III ( one thousand seven hundred sixty - 1820 ) became Lord of Man. The family remains Atholm governor of the island for 150 years.
• 1765 : Isle of Man Revesting Act gives the king of England, the government workforce. The Book of Common Prayer been first published in Manx.
• 1776 : The Methodists have their first sermons in the island.
• 1819 : The Bible in Manx is available in its entirety, although this declined language (50% of the population uses it).
• 1828 : Atholm family sells its ownership to England for the sum of 417 000; administration is entrusted to a Lieutenant-Governor, appointed by London.
• 1831 : beginning of the extraction of minerals to Laxey.
• 1832 : Establishment of a regular shipping line with England, Douglas - Liverpool , which will foster the beginnings of tourism.
• 1839 : First Manx-English dictionary.
• One thousand eight hundred and forty - 1842 : adoption of the English currency, the pound sterling , and the end of the local currency.
• In 1854 - in 1880 : Mining of lead , of silver and zinc. Laxey is the most important mining center in the United Kingdom.

Talk

• 1860 : First election of members of parliament Manx which covers the use of his tenure along with its local autonomy after the elections and appointments not only by the sovereign.

Douglas.

• 1863 : Douglas became the capital of the Isle Man e instead of Castletown.
• 1872 : Adoption of the Manx Education Act: introduction of free primary education in all parishes for the benefit of the English language.
• 1873 : commissioning of the railway line Douglas - Peel.
• 1874 : A language census shows the progress of bilingualism at the expense of monolingualism Manx.
• 1895 : London decides to return the money collected under the income tax , and customs duties , is the origin of the " tax haven "of Man.
• 1896 : publication in English of the Manx National Songs and Ballads of Manx Gaelic Manx and Music, collections of traditional music.
• 1899 : Founding of Yn cheshaght ghailckagh (Manx Language Society)
• 1901 : According to the census, the Manx language is now spoken by only 8% of the population.

The Touris Trophy in 1992.

• 1907 : Creation of the Tourist Trophy (TT) famous and dangerous racing bikes that follows the roads of the island.
• 1 914 - 1918 : During the Second World War , 5% of youth killed on the front.
• 1919 : London gives some autonomy to the island, but still reserves the right to appoint members of Tynwald.
• 1922 : most of Ireland became independent, opts for the republic , and the Gaelic Irish as a second language, the British Crown and the State become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
• 1931 : founded by Mona Douglas 's Aeglagh Vannin (Manx Youth Movement ").
• 1936 : abolition of the tithe.
• 1937 : 600,000 tourists visit the island.
• 1957 : new customs agreement with the United Kingdom , the Tynwald, has now assumed the financial management of the island.
• 1964 : Founding of Mec Vannin ("The son of Man"), the first Manx political party by Douglas Fargher and Lewis Crellin which advocates independence for the island.
• 1971 : The census finds the bad situation of the language, only 244 people speak in Manx. Independence of the currency, the pound Manx issued by the Treasury of the Isle of Man (Isle of Man Treasury) convertible with a pound sterling at floating rate of 1 1 (in agreement with the Bank of England ).
• 1973 : accession of United Kingdom to the European Community : Isle of Man is not one, but it is associated. Publishing its own stamps.
• 1974 : death of Ned Maddrell (b. 1877 ): it was the last speaker of Manx birth.
• 1976 : The independence party Mec Vannin collects 13% of the votes and one seat in parliament of the island.
• 1977 : The Celtic League declares itself opposed to the militarization of the island by the British army.
• 1978 : Mona Douglas created the "festival of national culture."
• 1979 : Publication of Fragher Franais Manx Dictionary, English-Manx.
• 1981 : The Mec Vannin loses its only seat in the House of Keys , split party and Poblaght Soshiallagh Vannin (Republican Socialist Party).
• 1991 : The Census reported 643 Manx speakers with a total population of 70,000 people.
• 1992 : Following the census figures, a development policy of Manx Gaelic is determined, driven by a technical adviser, the teaching of the language is optional in all primary schools.
• 1993 : 1 200 children speak a Manx base.
• 2001 : Population Census, the island has 76,000 inhabitants

Additions

Related articles

• History of the Isle of Man
• Isle of Man
• Celtic mythology

Sources and bibliography

• Duchein Michel , History of Scotland, Fayard, Paris, 1998, ( ISBN 2-213-60228-x )
• John Haywood (intr. Barry Cunliffe, ed. Stevanovitch Colette), Historical Atlas of the Celts, other editions, Paris, 2002, ( ISBN 2-7467-0187-1 ).

• Gateway to the Isle of Man
• Portal Celtic
• Portal History

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