Elizabeth Ii Of The United Kingdom
| Elizabeth II | |
 Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom | |
| Title | |
|---|---|
| Queen of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth Realms | |
| Currently serving | |
| Since 6 February 1952 &&&&&&&&&& 021,510 58 years, 10 months and 22 days | |
| Coronation | 2 June 1953 in the Westminster Abbey |
| Prime Minister | Sir Winston Churchill Sir Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan Sir Alec Douglas-Home Harold Wilson Sir Edward Heath James Callaghan Margaret Thatcher John Major Tony Blair Gordon Brown David Cameron |
| Predecessor | George VI |
| Biography | |
| Full track | Following states see Titulary |
| Royal Anthem | God Save the Queen |
| Dynasty | House of Windsor |
| Birth name | Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor |
| Date of Birth | 21 April 1926 (1926-04-21) (84) |
| Place of birth |  Mayfair , London ( United Kingdom ) |
| Father | George VI of the United Kingdom |
| Mother | Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon |
| Spouse | Philip Mountbatten , Duke of Edinburgh |
| Children | Prince Charles , Prince of Wales Princess Anne , Princess Royal Prince Andrew , Duke of York Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex |
| Heir | Prince Charles (Since 1952) |
| Residence | Buckingham Palace Windsor Castle |
 | |
| Monarchs of the United Kingdom | |
change  | |
Elizabeth II English, born (existing in the Channel Islands ) and the supreme leader of Fiji. As head of state , it is also the Commander of the armies in each of his kingdoms , , , .
In 2007 , it is ranked as the 23rdmost powerful woman in the world by the magazine Forbes. In 2006 , she finished 46 th. In 2009, she was ranked at 42 th place .
Summary |
Elizabeth II is the daughter of Albert, Duke of York and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. It comes from the House of Windsor , a name adopted during the First World War in 1917, the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and , English branch of the House of Wettin , who rules the United Kingdom since the death of Queen Victoria. In January 1936, the grandfather of Elizabeth, King George V dies. His heir, Edward VIII , gave up the throne and his younger brother is the father of Princess Elizabeth, who ascended the throne under the name George VI. Elizabeth had no brothers, she becomes thereby the Crown Princess. In September 1939, the war is imminent, the young Elizabeth is sent to a safe location away from his parents wishing to stay and face the London bombings with their people .
In April 1942, Princess Elizabeth was appointed sees the day of his 16th birthday, Colonel in Chief of the Guard Grenadiers. For the first time in her life, she reviewed the troops, thus starting his official activity of future Queen of the United Kingdom.
At age 18, she joined the Auxiliary Territorial Service as an apprentice as an ambulance driver and mechanic. She also conducts military trucks, which makes her today , "the only head of state in the world having been in uniform during World War II" .
At this age she fell in love with Prince Philip of Greece , the relationship became public when it accompanies a wedding in 1946.
In 1947, Princess Elizabeth celebrated her transition to adulthood and 5,000 km from its country of origin, South Africa , where she delivered the speech may be the most important of his life , .
"In the 21 th anniversary of my birth, it is a pleasure to speak to the entire population of the Commonwealth and Empire, whatever their country of origin, race and language. It's a happy day for me, but it also prompts me to think that life is taking shape with its many challenges and all its possibilities. Several of my ancestors adopted this motto a noble motto: "I serve", she once inspired many heirs to the throne when they gave their oath of allegiance by accessing adulthood. The progress of science allow me to do what none of them could do, I can give my solemn oath, addressing the entire Empire. I want to make that oath now, it is very simple. I declare before you all that I will devote my whole life, it must be long or short, at your service and to serve the great imperial family to which we all belong, but I will not have the strength to meet this commitment without your participation, I invite you to offer me. I know that your support is unwavering. God helps me to respect my oath and bless you, all you who agree to help me. "
Two months after his return from South Africa on 20 November 1947 , she married Philip Mountbatten (formerly Prince of Greece and Denmark , before giving up these securities after obtaining British citizenship).
In 1952, Princess Elizabeth replaced his father on an official visit to Kenya. However, during this visit was announced, February 6, 1952 at 10:45 am, that George VI died in his sleep. She ascended the throne and was crowned on 2 June 1953. That same year, he was offered a yacht named Britannia. This boat will be considered too expensive in 1997 and will be decommissioned during a ceremony.
Every year since 1748, a Saturday in June, held the " Trooping the Colour "(the" hello-colored), to mark the anniversary of the British sovereign. On this occasion, in 1969, a new aircraft, Concorde , makes its appearance, saluting the queen and in 1981, a young man pulls on the Queen (with blanks) (February 6).
Protocol
The royal protocol surrounding the Queen is very strict, creating controversy when not respected by some important personalities. Thus, during one of his visits to Canada in 2002 , the Quebec businessman Louis Garneau spontaneously stretched his arm around her shoulder for a picture, a gesture which did not seem to disturb the queen. That said, the newspapers and the British media have reacted violently. You could then read the front cover of the newspapers: "You CAN put your arm round Ma'am" or "Whose arm's on Ma'am?" Or "And This Is Me With The Queen of England ...." In contrast, the Canadian Office of Protocol stipulates that "members of the royal family want the protocol elements are adapted to what is generally acceptable in Canadian society, and most die-hard monarchists did not outcry of the case, saying it was "not serious" (Peter Hammond - VP Monarchists League of Canada) . During an official visit in 2009 , the wife of President Barack Obama has allowed the same gesture.
When meeting the queen, he is also set to address her language French or English , fluent in two languages. In conversation, the formulas are completely prohibited familiarity: it speaks to her, calling him "Mrs." if you speak French, the Canadian office of protocol also recommending the use of title "Majesty" although it is not recommended by the French Academy but approved by the Office de la langue French , , , .
Queen of Canada
Elizabeth II warmly appreciated each of his visits to Canada. A country she said carry in his heart since he hosted his parents in 1939. She has visited Canada 22 times, his last visit back in 2010 . During his visit in 1957, she opened the Canadian Parliament - a first in Canadian history - and the Queen is reading the speech from the throne in the Senate in Ottawa before all MPs, ministers, senators and judges of the Court Supreme Court of Canada.
Family
Eldest daughter of King George VI (then Duke of York) and his wife Elizabeth. Her younger sister is the Princess Margaret. His father King George VI was a member of the family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , a branch of the house of Wettin , who gave much of European rulers. It was King George V , his grandfather, who, in 1917 during the First World War, changed the name deemed too German for that of Windsor , the name of the castle which he owns, near London. Great-grand-daughter of Edward VII , it is the great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Prince Philip himself is the great-great-grand-son, in the maternal line, Queen Victoria. Because of his mother's, Queen Elizabeth the Queen is having the most blood from the British Tudor and Stuart. It should be noted that it is also closely related with the royal families - still reigning - from Norway , of Sweden , of Denmark , with Spain and Belgium , as well as those who ruled over the German , the Greek , of Romania , the Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.
Progeny
| Heir | Marriage (s) | Children |
|---|---|---|
| HRH Prince Charles , Prince of Wales , born on 14 November 1948 | ||
| Diana Spencer Princess Diana Died. | ||
| HRH Prince William of Wales | ||
| HRH Prince Harry of Wales | ||
| Camilla Shand Duchess of Cornwall | childless union | |
| HRH Princess Anne , Princess Royal , born on 15 August 1950 | ||
| Mark Anthony Peter Phillips | ||
| Peter Mark Andrew Phillips | ||
| Zara Anne Elizabeth Phillips | ||
| Timothy Laurence | childless union | |
| HRH Prince Andrew , Duke of York , born 19 February 1960 | ||
| Sarah Ferguson Duchess of York | ||
| HRH Princess Beatrice of York | ||
| HRH Princess Eugenie of York | ||
| HRH Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex , born 10 March 1964 | ||
| Sophie Rhys-Jones Countess of Wessex | ||
| HRH Princess Louise of Wessex | ||
| HRH Prince James of Wessex , Viscount Severn |
Note: two of his grandchildren, Peter and Zara Phillips are without a title of nobility, and their parents refused any title of courtesy offered by the queen.
Titulary
Partial Titulary
 |  | |
Weapons from 1944 to 1947. | Weapons from 1947 to 1952. |
During his life Queen Elizabeth II has had several titles. At birth she wears the title of his father since he has not yet acceded to the throne. After her marriage she took the title of her husband and became Duchess of Edinburgh. It is then known as His Royal Highness the Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh because it is not the holder of the title but only his wife.
It was successively known under the titles:
- HRH Princess Elizabeth of York ( one thousand nine hundred and twenty-six - in 1936 )
- HRH Princess Elizabeth ( 1 936 - 1947 )
- His Royal Highness the Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh ( 1947 - one thousand nine hundred and fifty-two )
- Her Majesty the Queen (Since 1952 )
Titulary complete
Although commonly qu'appele "Queen Elizabeth II, has a different title for each of the states in which it is sovereign.
- United Kingdom
- "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith" (1953-present).
-
Canada - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith" (1953-present). The Canadian government uses the English spelling Elizabeth in official texts in French .
-
Australia - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1953-present).
-
New Zealand - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of New Zealand and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith" (1953-present).
-
Jamaica - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of Jamaica and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1962-present).
-
Barbados - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of Barbados and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1966-present).
-
Bahamas - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of the Bahamas and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1973-present).
-
Grenada - "Elizabeth II, by the grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom, Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1974-present).
-
Papua New Guinea - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1975-present).
-
Solomon - "Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1978-present).
-
Tuvalu - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1978-present).
-
Saint Lucia - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth"
-
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1979-present).
-
Antigua and Barbuda - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1981-present).
-
Belize - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1981-present).
-
Saint Kitts and Nevis - "Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth" (1983-present).
Elizabeth II is also Supreme Commander of the Fiji Islands , a purely honorary. She was Queen of Fiji to 1987, when the monarchy was abolished in the wake of a coup, and the country became a republic. The Great Council of Chiefs he nevertheless acknowledges the supremacy of symbolic status, and the bust of Elizabeth II appears on the banknotes of Fiji dollars.
Symbols
Royal Arms
The queen of arms specific to each of his kingdoms, which incorporate elements specific to these countries. These arms are sometimes used by government agencies to represent the Crown.
Royal Standard
The Royal Standard is the flag of the sovereign. There are separate royal standards in use in different countries where the Queen acts as sovereign countries. For example, Australia, Barbados, Canada, Jamaica and New Zealand each have their own Royal Standard, inspired by the Royal Arms of the country. The royal standard takes precedence over all other flags within a kingdom. Indeed, when the queen moves, for example in the British Parliament, that the royal standard fluttering in the main mast of the tower and not the Union Jack. This also applies during his visits to Canada, where the monarch's flag above that of the Governor General , before itself the single maple leaf. We hoisted to signify the presence of the queen within each establishment, for example: the Windsor Castle or Balmoral Castle. The Royal Standard is never lowered, even when the sovereign dies, as her heir immediately and automatically sovereign law and fact.
Flag staff
Elizabeth II also has a personal flag. It was created at his request in 1960 on the occasion of one of his visits to India Effigy Because Elizabeth II was sovereign of the United Kingdom, his image appears on bank notes and postage stamps British, as Queen of Canada, it appears on coins and on the ticket of 20 Canadian dollars. The Mint is also dedicated to him. For postage stamps bearing his image , see Wilding type from 1952 to 1967 and Machin 1967. 1066 William I the Conqueror 1087 William II 1100 Henry I 1135 Stephen of Blois 1141 Empress Matilda 1141 Stephen of Blois 1154 Henri II 1170 Young Henry 1189 Richard I Lion Heart 1199 King John 1216 Henry III 1272 Edward I 1307 Edward II 1327 Edward III 1377 Richard II 1399 Henry IV 1413 Henry V 1422 Henry VI 1461 Edward IV 1471 Henri VI 1471 Edward IV 1483 Edward V 1483 Richard III 1485 Henry VII 1509 Henry VIII 1547 Edward VI 1553 Jeanne 1553 Mary I and Philip 1558 Elizabeth I 1603 Jacques I. 1625 Charles I ( English Interregnum from 1649 to 1660) 1660 Charles II 1685 Jacques II 1688 Mary II and William III 1702 Anne 1714 George I 1727 George II 1760 George III 1820 George IV 1830 William IV 1837 Victoria 1910 George V 1936 Edward VIII 1936 George VI Elizabeth II 1952 Premiers
Prime Ministers today
Notes
Related articles
External Links
Preceded by Elizabeth II Followed by George VI Queen of the United Kingdom since 1952 depending George VI Queen of Canada since 1952 depending George VI Queen of Australia since 1952 depending George VI Queen of New Zealand since 1952 depending country's independence in 1962 Queen of Jamaica since 1962 depending country's independence in 1966 Queen of Barbados since 1966 depending country's independence in 1973 Queen of the Bahamas since 1973 depending country's independence in 1974 Queen of Granada since 1974 depending country's independence in 1975 Queen of Papua New Guinea since 1975 depending / I> country's independence in 1978 Queen of the Solomon Islands since 1978 depending country's independence in 1978 Queen of Tuvalu since 1978 depending country's independence in 1979 Queen of Saint Lucia since 1979 depending country's independence in 1979 Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines since 1979 depending country's independence in 1981 Queen of Belize since 1981 depending country's independence in 1983 Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis since 1983 depending George VI Queen of Pakistan 1952-1956 abolition of the monarchy George VI Queen of South Africa 1952-1961 abolition of the monarchy George VI Queen of Ceylon 1952-1972 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1957 Queen in Ghana 1957-1960 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1960 Queen in Nigeria 1960-1963 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1961 Queen of Sierra Leone 1961-1971 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1961 Queen of Tanganyika 1961-1962 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1962 Queen of Trinidad and Tobago 1962-1976 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1962 Queen of Uganda 1962-1963 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1963 Queen of Kenya 1963-1964 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1964 Queen of Malawi 1964-1966 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1964 Queen of Malta 1964-1974 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1965 Queen of the Gambia 1965-1970 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1966 Queen of Guyana 1966-1970 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1968 Queen of Mauritius 1968-1992 abolition of the monarchy country's independence in 1970 Queen of Fiji 1970-1987 abolition of the monarchy Normans 
Plantagenet Tudor Stuart Hanover Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Windsor Kings Stuart are also kings of Scotland Heads of State Queens Beatrix ( Netherlands ) Margrethe II ( Denmark ) Elizabeth II ( UK ) Speakers Laura Chinchilla Miranda ( Costa Rica ) Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner ( Argentina ) Dalia Grybauskaite ( Lithuania ) Tarja Halonen ( Finland ) Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf ( Liberia ) Mary McAleese ( Ireland ) Pratibha Patil ( India ) Roza Otunbayeva ( Kyrgyzstan ) Governors General Quentin Bryce ( Australia ) Dame Louise Lake-Tack ( Antigua and Barbuda ) Dame Pearlette Louisy ( St. Lucia ) Heads of Government Presidents of the Government Kosor ( Croatia ) Radiov Iveta ( Slovakia ) Chancellor Angela Merkel ( Germany )
Premiers Johanna Sigurdardottir ( Iceland ) Sheikh Hasina ( Bangladesh ) Kamla Persad-Bissessar ( Trinidad and Tobago ) Mari Kiviniemi ( Finland ) Julia Gillard ( Australia ) British Armed Forces Armed 
Royal Navy 
British Army 
Royal Air Force Command Commander Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II / Prime Minister Ministry of Defense : Secretary of State for Defence Defense Councils Defense Council Defence Board Chiefs of Staff Committee Army Board (British Army) Admiralty Board (Royal Navy) Air Force Board (Royal Air Force) Chiefs of Staff Chief Of The Defence Staff Deputy Chief Of The Defence Staff Chief of the General Staff (British Army) First Sea Lord (Royal Navy) Chief of the Air Staff (RAF) History Military History of the United Kingdom : History of the British Army Royal Navy History History of the Royal Air Force
Military History of England Military history of Scotland Military history of Wales Military History of Ireland Military history of the Commonwealth Miscellaneous British Army Ranks British military decorations See also: (en) Official website of the Ministry of Defence Category dedicated
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