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Fifteenth Century

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1400s | Year 1410 | Year 1420 | Year 1430 | Year 1440
1450s | Year 1460 | Year 1470 | Year 1480 | Year 1490

1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410
1411 1412 1413 1414 1415 1416 1417 1418 1419 1420
1421 1422 1423 1424 1425 1426 1427 1428 1429 1430
1431 1432 1433 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 1440
1441 1442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1447 1448 1449 1450
1451 1452 1453 1454 1455 1456 1457 1458 1459 1460
1461 1462 1463 1464 1465 1466 1467 1468 1469 1470
1471 1472 1473 1474 1475 1476 1477 1478 1479 1480
1481 1482 1483 1484 1485 1486 1487 1488 1489 1490
1491 1492 1493 1494 1495 1496 1497 1498 1499 1500

See also: List of centuries , Roman numerals

The fifteenth century begins 1 January 1401 and ends on 31 December 1500. The historians place its end in 1492 with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.

1492 : Christopher Columbus reached the American. Beginning of the modern era.

Summary

/ / Events

It is a century bridge between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

Americas

Caribbean

First contacts of Europeans with the Americans (except Leif Ericson in the tenth century): first three voyages of Christopher Columbus.

Mexico

It contains the Toltec , the Zapotec , and Mixtec and Aztecs.

Yucatan

Empire Maya - Toltec ends in 1500.

Peru - Bolivia

Empire Inca is at its peak.

Africa

West Africa

  • The Mali , governed by rulers without scale, is threatened by the Songhai , the Toucouleur , the Bambara , the Mossi and Touareg. He asked in vain for help to Portugal but is soon reduced to his country of origin, Upper Niger.
  • At the beginning of the century, the sovereign Hausa of Kano , Amina, extends its authority over the neighboring towns of Kouararafa and Nupe , but it must declare itself a vassal of Bornu.
  • Civilization of Oyo (south-west of the current Nigeria ), who underwent the influence of Ife , as evidenced by the scars drawn on the face of the rulers. This city is attached to the XV century by the kingdom of Benin.
  • Manufacture of bronze heads in the kingdom of Benin ( Nigeria ). They represent Obas (kings), courtiers, tribal leaders, hunters, merchants and even Portuguese soldiers.
  • systematic exploration of the African coast by Portuguese navigators.

Central Africa

  • The tribe Songye installed on the top- Lualaba ( Congo River ) and submits the natives. This merger is behind the people and the Luba kingdom.
  • According to oral tradition, a woman named Ngounou have had four son, Kongo, Vili ( Loango ), Woyo ( Ngoyo ) and Tyo ( Ingobella ). They have founded kingdoms on the right bank of the Congo.
    • The Loango , bounded on the north by the rainforest and west by the Atlantic , consists of a confederation of tribes and control in the early fifteenth century neighboring states Kakongo and Ngoyo. Upon arrival of the Portuguese in 1482 , his authority is not recognized by most of the vassal tribes and a few years later, the Loango is dependent on the Kongo.
    • The Ingobella , kingdom of Tyo (also called Teke or Anzike ), is bounded on the east and south by the Congo River to the west by the Loango and north through the forest. His people, who will likely have an important role in trafficking, will severe blows to the kingdom of Congo in the sixteenth century.

East Africa

  • Apogee Countertop Arab Zanjba ( Zanzibar ).
  • Creation of the kingdoms of Darfur and Kordofan in eastern Sudan following the emigration Berber.
    • Until the fifteenth century, a dynasty reign Dadjo on Darfur, heir to the kingdom of Meroe , then it is replaced by a dynasty Toundjour.
    • The eastern Kordofan is also occupied by Toundjour, but its role is far removed. The Toundjour can not resist the offensive of Islam and are submitted by Nuba Muslims.
    • The Wadai ( Chad ) is subject to the dynasty animist Toundjour came from Darfur.
  • The Nilotic penetrate east of Lake Albert and give the Bito dynasty of the kingdom Kitwara.
  • The Bounyoro , founded in the fourteenth century by the Bito dynasty, covered at its peak, according to tradition the whole area interlacustrine, overflowing even on Ethiopia , countries Kenya , the Tanganyika and Ruanda (XIV - XVI century).
  • Relationship between Ethiopians and Jerusalem that allow the Ethiopian Christianity to make contact with the West (Council of Florence , 1438 - 1445 ).
    • In the late fourteenth and early fifteenth century, the Ethiopian monks swarm on the road, the Nubian , goes to Cairo and the Holy Places. You can find their traces in Dongola , they probably attend the churches of Nubia. They are found in major monasteries of Sohag , and they have a community Egyptian monastery of El-Moharrak. They maintain priories in Cairo, in the Christian district of Herat-Zouelah and monasteries of Wadi Natron (painting). They have a house in the monastery of St. Anthony in the desert of Qolzoum. They are in Jerusalem to Cyprus in Armenia and even to Rome.

Southern Africa

Asia

Europe

In the Western imagination as in Europe, Renaissance Italy and are closely linked. In the fifteenth century, the fifteenth century remained as a time marked by accession to the ancient ideal (science Greek, Roman Law), the abundance of architectural and Inventions (da Vinci), but also an expansion of trade, war (Hundred Years War, Italian Wars), expansions and outs (of Constantinople and the Spanish Inquisition), new issues (with the development of Christian humanism) and religious upheaval (Protestant). The fifteenth century marks a new understanding of the world, especially with the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.

Wars and breakups

Joan of Arc at the coronation of King Charles VII in Reims Cathedral Dominique Ingres (1854)

The Hundred Years War , conflict between France and England throughout the century, has delayed the development of the Renaissance in France until the end of the conflict (peace to Guienne Arras) by taking Nancy (1477). The War in the fifteenth century held an important place in the French collective imagination (the coronation of Charles VII , Epic of Joan of Arc , the courageous Duguesclin, the mad Charles VI, ...) and European (archetype of war absurd and interminable) as the hostility that the longevity of the war.

The Capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans marks the fall of the Byzantine Empire ( 1453 ). With the capture of Granada and the end of the Reconquista Spain 1492 , the confrontations against the fringe of the Arab-Muslim world have claimed a European identity. Islam disappeared in Western Europe after the fall of Granada. Conflicts between Europeans and Turks, for example the Moldavian-Ottoman Wars begin. If the political unity of Christian Europe against the Ottomans and Muslims did not materialize, the Christian states have nonetheless dreamed of a Europe united under Christianity.

Significant Figures

Politicians


Philosophers and humanists

Show: Philosophers and humanists of the fifteenth century

Writers

Major figures

See also

Printers, publishers and booksellers

Major event in Western history of the fifteenth century technologically, economically and intellectually, printing enables delivery of text, images, ideas or maps in a way hitherto unknown.

Musician

Architects

See: Famous Architects

Inventors, scientists

Painters

Major figures

See also

Explorers

Religious

Military

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Information technology

Printing in the fifteenth century (Europe).

Geography and Mapping

Technical navigation

Exploration

File: Zheng He.jpg
The Chinese explorer Zheng He.

See also:

Gastronomy

  • Maestro Martino , drafting of an early treaty culinary renaissance, Libro de Arte coquinaria.
  • Platinum (it) , 1421-1480, Italian humanist, author of a treatise on gastronomy of the Renaissance "Honest and valetudine voluptate.

Technology in the service of art

  • Invention of perspective in painting ( Masaccio )
  • Invention of oil paint,
  • Clavicembalum appearance of the word in 1404 ( harpsichord , clavicembalo in Italian)
  • Development of the technique of dome architecture (the dome of Florence)
  • Invention of engraving with a burin and etching the etching.

Other Techniques

Arts & Culture

Europe

India

  • Life in India 's poet Kabir , a weaver uneducated Muslim who celebrates a god common to Muslims and Hindus.

Economy and Society

Africa

  • The exploitation of new gold valleys in Akan ( Gold Coast ) causes a realignment of trade routes to the detriment of Mali. Established new trade routes to Lake Chad, in the eastern Sahara. From 1400 to 1750 , Begho becomes a market town centralizing gold production and trading with Jenne.

Asia

  • The advent of Islam , brought by merchants, coincides with a boom in trade in Indonesia (pepper, cloves).
  • The Chinese put a powerful brake on international trade, responsible for the weakening of their money by the escape of the metal. The Japanese , who uses the continental currency, is entering a deflationary era, when a new class of upstarts emerges, utokunin. They form a middle class urban elites providing industry products Chinese and Mongolian. The development of cash economy led by cons to impoverishment and indebtedness of farmers, who revolted on the becomes unbearable.

Europe

Baltic

  • According to some estimates, the fleet Hanseatic count a thousand ships, representing a transport capacity of thirty thousand ballasts (ballasts is approximately one ton), including ten for navigation in the Baltic ,

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