See also: List of centuries , Roman Numeration

The ^fourteenth century begins on ¹ January 1301 and ends on 31 December 1400.

Oceania & Pacific

• Population growth and endemic war in the North Island of New Zealand after 1300. On South Island, population and the number of sites declines.
• The Maori of New Zealand chasing the giant bird moa and other wildlife to extinction; livelihood now depends on agriculture in the North Island (sweet potatoes, fern roots))

America

• Series of wet years in the South-western North America from 1300 and throughout the ^fourteenth century.
• Prosperity of the kingdom Chimu on the north coast of Peru ( 1,300 - 1,440 ), with Chan Chan as its capital, which covers over 20 square kilometers.

• First institution to Cuzco.

Africa

• Towards the beginning of the fourteenth ^century, the son of a leader of the small kingdom of Boungou named Ntinu Wene or has Lukeni Nimi, from Valley Kouango , founded the kingdom of Congo after winning the leaders of neighboring tribes. He established his capital in the center of his kingdom, in the chiefdom Mpemba , military camp Mbali , which leave several expeditions that lead to the annexation of Nsundi of Mbamba and Soyo. Moreover neighboring kingdoms, the Mpangou and Mbata , pay tribute to the sovereign of the Congo who takes the title of Manicongo or Ne-Congo.

• Mrunta king of Bamum , takes the title of MFO rifum and crosses the Mbam to install its supremacy over the plateaus of western Cameroon (XIV ^century according to tradition, late ^sixteenth century or early ^seventeenth according to some historians). Eighteen kings of his dynasty successor until the nineteenth ^century , which Nshare , Mbuembue and Njoya.

• In the fourteenth ^century,Wadai , east of Kanem - Borno , is governed by leaders who are animists can just be replaced by men from Darfur. The latter rule for a century on the territory that plays a secondary role until his conversion to Islam in the ^seventeenth century.

• Civilization Jebba and Tadd (southwestern Nigeria ), on the banks of the Niger ^(XIV - XVII ^century ). A legendary ruler founded in the fourteenth ^century a kingdom that gave birth to a civilization which artists may have been inspired by those of Ife and Oyo. The statuettes were produced in common to have bulging eyes.

• In the early ^fourteenth century, in Senegal , the Muslim dynasty Toucouleur is hit by a pagan dynasty which ruled for a century.

• The Dominican Bartolomeo Tivoli settled in Dongola in Nubia , in the early ^fourteenth century when a governor is appointed by the Muslim sultans of Cairo. At the same time, the Genoese Vivaldi Leone is trying to reach the Abyssinian , but it fails.

• Apogee Countertop Arab Pie in East Africa.

Asia

• From 1300 to 1600 , the history of Bhutan is traversed by conflicts between various elites until the power returns to a Dharma Raja, the spiritual leader, and a Deb Raja, in charge of temporal affairs.
• The Tanjung Tanah manuscript provides a description of law in the kingdom of Kerinci in Sumatra in Indonesia.

Europe

• A terrible pandemic, Black Death , triumphs and kills a third of Europe's population.

• Hundred Years War.

• Arrival of Roma in Europe at the beginning of the century through to Greece. Came from India 's North ( XI ^century ), their path can be traced by borrowing words from Persian, Kurdish and Greek dialects in European Roma found. They remain in Greece for nearly a century before moving across Europe. In the early ^sixteenth century , they will reach all African countries, including Russia , the Scandinavia , the British Isles and Spain.

• In the ^fourteenth century, Italy is dominated by five major states, whose population is between 800,000 and two million inhabitants: the republic of Florence , the republic of Venice , the Duchy of Milan , the Papal States and the kingdom Naples. Smaller cities such as Lucca , Genoa , Siena , Mantua and Ferrara , remain politically within the orbit of the larger states.

• Appearance in the fourteenth ^century of two new offices in England : the Wardrobe, in charge of raising the king's troops in their struggle against the barons, and the Privy Seal Office , which authenticates the sovereign acts taken outside the board dominated by the nobles.

• Vlach colonization in mountain regions of Slovakia in the eastern century. They are shepherds who value areas of mountains and valleys so sparsely populated, encouraged by local lords. They introduced the Eastern Orthodox rite.

• The nobility of Bohemia is organized on the German model, establishing a difference between the high nobility of the "barons" auxiliary direct king and gentry of the knights (Ritter, Rytir). As in Germany, the federalization of the company has produced since the ^twelfth century , but old local customs were maintained, as the "law of the land" (ius terrae zemsk prvo), and a class of free men who give the Knights. In the fourteenth ^century, the noble class replaces the old Zupan, such as family Vitkovci that has heritage areas and strongholds in southern Bohemia and Bavaria , which, though Czech is allied by blood to the Bavarian aristocracy.

Significant Figures

Political Leaders

• Philip IV of France , said Philippe Le Bel ( one thousand two hundred eighty-five - 1314 ), King of France , King of Navarre ,
• Louis X of France , ( one thousand three hundred and fourteen - in 1316 ), King of France , King of Navarre ,
• Philip V of France , ( 1 316 - 1322 ), King of France , King of Navarre ,
• Charles IV of France , ( in 1322 - one thousand three hundred and twenty-eight ), King of France , King of Navarre ,
• Philip VI of France , ( 1,328 - 1.35 thousand ), King of France ,
• John II of France , said Jean Le Bon, ( 1,350 - one thousand three hundred and sixty-four ), King of France ,
• Charles V of France ( 1338 - one thousand three hundred eighty ), King of France , founder of the royal library of France ,
• Charles VI of France ( 1 380 - 1422 ), King of France ,
• Tamerlane (Timur Lenk) ( Shahr-e Sabz , 1336 - Otrar 1405 ), conqueror of empires Persian , Ottoman and the Indian.

Writers

Show:

• French writers born in the fourteenth ^century
• Italian writers born in the fourteenth ^century

Philosophers, humanistic

• Ibn Khaldun ( Tunisia , 1332 , Cairo , 1406 , historian , philosopher and sociologist from North Africa,
• William of Ockham (ca 1285 - 1347 ), Franciscan philosopher English
• Petrarch ( 1 304 - in 1374 ), the precursor of the Renaissance in Italy ( Trecento ).

Show: Philosophers and theologians of the ^fourteenth century

Painters

• Italian painters of the fourteenth ^century who worked in Siena and the Palais des Papes in Avignon

Explorers

• John Mandeville (? - 1372 ), Belgian-born explorer who traveled in the service of English 1322 to 1356 (34 years) in Egypt , India , Asia, Central China , author of the Book of Wonders of the World ( 1356 ).

Scientific

• Berthold Schwartz , a Franciscan monk and chemist.

Musician

• Guillaume de Machaut (ca 1300 - 1377 ), French poet and composer.

Military

• Bertrand du Guesclin ( La Motte-Broons , v. 1320 - Chateauneuf de Randon , 1380 ), Chevalier and Constable of France.

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Information technology

• Appearance of the paper in France (early fourteenth ^century, occurred in Spain in 1056, invented in China in the ^Second - ^third century BC.).

Exploration

• The Book of Wonders of the World (ca 1356 , critical review performed by Christiane Deluz) reported opportunities "circumnavigation". It is written by the English knight Jean de Mandeville stories from missionaries Franciscans and Dominicans. There are 250 copies in three original versions, and a set of vernacular languages. It derives its interest from the fact that in the West and the world uncultivated ( Albertus Magnus and Roger Bacon had brought information to the ^thirteenth century in the universities ), it was not aware of the roundness of the earth. The book was written in the particular context of the Hundred Years War.

• At the beginning of the fourteenth ^century, the Genoese Lanzarote Malocello discovered two islands in the archipelago of the Canary Islands.

• Explorations in the fourteenth ^century

Techniques

• Development of the loom in Italy 's north, in Flanders and England.
• Torque rod and crank , turning the rotary motion into reciprocating (Invention capital)
• Gear , metal
• First clocks mechanical, circa 1300,

Armament

• The powder gun, arrived from China via the Arabs, began to be used by the Europeans. It is primarily used in small guns, the Italians call "bombed" and then, from the late fourteenth ^century in guns.
• Arc ,
• Crossbow (check).

Music

• Appearance of the harpsichord.

Economy

• First scholarship to Bruges in the early ^fourteenth century.

Medicine

• First oral anesthesia.

Environment

• First edict anti- pollution , preventing the emission of foul gas in Paris, by Charles VI in 1382.

Economy & Society

• Agriculture grows in the valley of St. Lawrence.

• The necropolis of Sanga , in eastern Congo - Kinshasa , shows the differentiation of society. Before 1300, the tombs contain pottery and metal objects, including jewelry, copper extracted 300 km south, Kansashi and Kipoushi. Later, they also include imported goods, china, shells, glass beads, fine ceramics, copper ingots Phillips and iron gongs.

• The population of Western Europe has 54 million inhabitants.

• At the beginning of the fourteenth ^century,Bordeaux regularly exports 850,000 hectoliters of wine per year to Northern Europe, especially England.

• Decline of British viticulture in the ^fourteenth century.

Art & Culture

• The Trecento anticipates the Renaissance in Italy. With the exception of Avignon, the rest of the West is in a period of devastation, following the great plague , which decimated more than a third of the population.

Architecture

• In Europe, the Palais des Papes in Avignon , built at the request of Clement VI , was an important artistic center, staffed by teams of artists from all over Europe.

• Mosque of mud bricks of Djenn (XIV ^century).

• Dynasty Shirazi of Kilwa (East Africa) built in the early fourteenth ^century an impressive palace, "Houssouni Koubou.

• Construction Nasrid Palace of Alhambra in Granada.

Painting

In Europe , the painters are often from Siena.

Theatre

The theater made its appearance in the West, often before the courts of the cathedral.

See also

• Trecento

• Portal History

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