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The Georgian alphabet created by Pharnavaz I , first king of Georgia (locally called , ), is currently writing used to write the Georgian and some other languages of the Caucasus , whose Batsbi , language group Vainakh (improperly named "Chechen", "Ingush") that adds signs diacritics.

This is normally a unicameral writing in its modern round mkhedruli current or military, as in his original classic round shape mrgvlovani ( or uncial , whose letters asomtavruli , that is to say, uppercase letters were different modern round), but was temporarily bicameral writing in his old form ecclesiastical khutsuri ( "ecclesiastical", with the addition of another alphabet square nuskhuri ( " tiny ") or kutkhovani () for lowercase alphabet now completely abandoned). However, some authors use the conventional round letters asomtavruli as capital letters in modern texts, headlines, logos, etc.. for which a classical form and fonts modern coexist.

Summary

History

The oldest known Georgian alphabet is the asomtavruli , also called , yet rarely used today to note the capitals in some texts, which was invented in 412 BC. BC by Georgian priests who followed the cult of Matra (that is to say, Mithra ).

In 284 BC. AD , the king of Iberia Pharnavaz I reformed the alphabet.

We find inscriptions mrgvlovani on some buildings, such as the Georgian church Bethlehem.

Alphabet nuskhuri , also called ("square"), used to record tiny, appeared around the ninth century. Alphabets asomtavruli and nuskhuri writing khutsuri ( or "liturgical writing", sometimes transcribed 'Xucuri "), were used together to write religious texts, using the asomtavruli to note the capitals.

The modern alphabet, called mkhedruli (, "secular" or "military writing", sometimes transcribed 'mxedruli "), made its appearance in the eleventh century. It was first used for non-religious texts and then completely replaced nuskhuri of ancient ecclesiastical writing. Georgian linguists describe as its phonetic spelling.

Composition

In its modern form, the Georgian alphabet mkhedruli contains 33 letters:

year
Computer representation

The Georgian alphabet is represented by the characters Unicode U+10A0 to U+10FC and U+2D00 to U+20D5.

Listings classical or ancient writing ecclesiastical khutsuri

  • Small letters square nuskhuri the old ecclesiastical cursive writing khutsuri were previously consolidated with round letters (without case) from the alphabet Modern mkhedruli precedent. (However this is problematic because the letters are very few similarities between the two alphabets, and there is a likelihood of confusion with the letters of the alphabet mkhedruli modern, some of which have been swapped with respect to capital letters asomtavruli of ancient writing .) Since Unicode has dsunifies and recoded separately U+2D00 to U+20D5.
  • The capital letters round asomtavruli of ancient writing khutsuri are coded U+10A0 to U+10C5. (They are also sometimes used to make a case distinctions in modern writing mkhedruli but the confusion of those "capitals" is great with some different letters in the normal case mkhedruli ).
Code ISO 15924 of the former ecclesiastical writing gorgiennne khutsuri (that is to say, the tiny square cursive nuskhuri capitals and round classical asomtavruli ) is Geok. For registration conventional capitals round asomtavruli only, you can use either code Geok (in ecclesiastical texts) or the modern code Geor (the second code is preferable for citations in the citations of ancient texts modern non-ecclesiastical such entries monumental).

Table of Unicode characters

PDF:
en in
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
2D0
2D1
2D2
PDF:
en in
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A
B
C
D
E
F
10A
10B
10C
10D
10E
10F

Writing modern mkhedruli

  • The round letters of alphabetic writing modern mkhedruli (whose alphabet is smaller and without distinction of breakages) are encoded U+10D0 to U+10F0.
  • In addition there are now archaic letters U+10F1 to U+10F5 , used to write the letters of the ancient square writing khutsuri or classical inscriptions in capitals round asomtavruli , and another tiny archaic letter U+10F6.
  • Letters are used without additional breaks for the transcription of Svan language Mengrel and are encoded U+10F7 and U+10F8.
  • Other letters without breaking rarer are encoded U+10F9 and U+10FA and a letter of variation in U+10FC.
  • The character U+10FB Georgia is a punctuation mark the end of a paragraph.
Code ISO 15924 writing gorgiennne modern round mkhedruli is Geor.

See also


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