Franche-Comte Frainc-comtou
Spoken in	France , Switzerland
Region	Franche-Comte , Alsace , Canton Jura , Bernese Jura
Number of speakers	3.1% late twentieth century in the Swiss Jura, Franche-Comte unknown
Typology	SVO
Classification by family
- Indo-European - Romance - Gallo-Romance languages - Languages d'oil - Franche-Comt
Sample
Article I of the Declaration of Human Rights ( see text in French ) First of ainonce Das dret l'hanne Totes las dgen nach yibres peerages in. dgnet pe yote yots dret. Is not Yees of pe lai Rjon s'n di Yees Daiva dgi las las Yunes in. Hearth kaji k'ment Das Frari.
change

The Franche-Comte Franche-Comt) is a Romance language belonging to the family of languages d'oil which talks including Franche-Comt (region of eastern France ). It designates the "Franche-Comte", "language Grandfather," "talk Comte d'oil" and the term dialect. It can also refer to as the Jura and Jura-comto because it is also spoken in the canton of Jura and the Bernese Jura in Switzerland. The Jura-comto is part of a group of languages which includes Picard , the Walloon and Lorraine. These languages are indeed a number of characteristics in common, including a Germanic influence. Its speakers are called comtophones.

History

We have the writings of ^{seventeenth-century} language of Franche-Comt, although for centuries the language has remained largely spoken. Some date back to the ^sixteenth century. This is the case of song Rosemont , the oldest known text in Franche-Comte. Dating from 1525, is a ballad that celebrates the memory of Gnry (Neury or Jean) and Richard Provost (chief of a band of peasants who participated in the Peasants' War has stirred the Germanic world this year. It can also quote Dialogue Black Gate and Pilory on decision by the French Besanon dating from 1668.

Thus, contrary to the image often portrayed, the language was also written. Even if the French language imposed itself early among elites in Franche-Comt, Franche-Comte was for many centuries, the true language of the people.

The ^nineteenth century and twentieth ^century were marked by a large decline in language as well as in Franche-Comt in the canton of Jura. This is mainly due to policies within schools to impose the French against the other languages spoken in France. The language has often been a French influence at the lexical level in written texts.

At the end of the twentieth ^century and early twenty-first ^century, language is more present in public life and maintained by small groups of speakers, often present in associations, whose mother tongue is sometimes.

Field

Instead of the language among the regional languages in France and neighboring regions

Its domain is limited:

• south and southeast by the dialects Francoprovenal ,
• to the west by the dialects Burgundy-Morvan and Champagne ,
• the north by the dialects Lorraine ,
• east and north-east of the Germanic languages Germanic (including the Alsatian and speaking Swiss ) or other varieties of High German ).

The language in France

Like all regional and minority languages of France, the Franche-Comte has no institutional existence, but, unlike other languages ol like Gallo , he is not subject to public education.

Many groups and associations are struggling at the margin to try to know the language particularly through contributions in journals and the organization of courses.

The language in Alsace

Linguistic mapping of Alsace in 1910 - Franche-Comte appears in pink

The area of the tongue extends, according to a mapping language of the Alsace in 1910, the District of Altkirch in 10 communes of Canton Dannemarie ( Bellemagny , Bretten , Chavannes-sur-Etang , Eteimbes , Magny , Montreux-Jeune , Montreux-Vieux , Romagny , Saint-Cosme and Valdieu-Lutran ) and in 2 municipalities of the Canton of Ferrette ( Courtavon and Levoncourt ).

The presence of these common "comtophones" in a region comes from the Germanic arbitrary partition of the Franco-German border after 1871. Today, patois are still active in Montreux-Jeune.

The General Council of Haut-Rhin is committed to a policy in favor of bilingualism by signing a quadripartite agreement 2007/2013, in particular to make the museum of Alsace is an example of testing a bilingual model with a signage representative of all dialects of Alsace remembering "a name in French, in Hochdeutsch designation, a designation either Elsasserditsch (Alsatian dialect) or novel (sector Montreux-Jeune, Montreux-Vieux-Valdieu Lutran etc ...) or patois welche (Lapoutroie sector, Le Bonhomme), or Judeo-Alsatian (Alsace Yiddish). "

The bailiwick of Franche Comt before 1790

This initiative is a first recognition of a dialect of Franche-Comte (known novel in Alsace) and may perhaps be generalized across the department.

The language in Franche-Comte

The area of the tongue extends in Franche-Comt on the departments:

• of Doubs (northern parts)
• of Haute-Sane ,
• of Jura (north)
• of Territoire de Belfort.

The boundary between Francoprovenal (Francoprovenal Jura ) and Franche-Comte roughly historically the border between the Middle and Bailiwick Bailiwick Aval (organization of the territory before 1790).

The Franche-Comt is little known of Franche-Comte themselves. We find relatively little in the local toponymy, only a village in Haute-Saone, Anjeux , a currency account in dialect: "Ai Anjeux Diale y lo cueut" (French: "To the devil Anjeux cooked" - referring to the trial witchcraft of ^seventeenth century when many witches were burned). While expressions of regional French are still very widely used and yet the region seems to have forgotten their language, even if more and more groups are emerging to defend the local dialects.

Language in Switzerland

The language in the canton of Bern

In the administrative district of Biel / Bienne , the 19 municipalities, 17 are predominantly germanophones except 2 who are bilingual Biel / Bienne is Germanophone and 60% to 40% francophone and Evilard which is 59% to 41 Germanophone and % francophone.
The Business Council of Francophone bilingual district of Biel (FCA) is an advisory body for both cantonal Swiss municipalities bilingual.

In the administrative district of the Bernese Jura , the 49 municipalities, 46 are mostly French, is a bilingual Romont which is 52.8% and 41.1% Francophone Germanophone and two predominantly germanophone: Schelten / The Scheulte is Germanophone and 82.7% to 15.4% and French Seehof is Germanophone and 91.1% to 8.9% in French.

These two districts of the canton of Bern is a transition zone between the Jura and comto-Francoprovenal. This transition is all the stronger we approach the canton of Neuchatel , where Francoprovenal dominates.

The language in the canton of Jura

The language is experiencing a relatively high activity in the canton of Jura in particular by the existence of several associations and by protecting the living dialect Jura. Nevertheless, the Jura-comto was abandoned for nearly two centuries, undergoing an evolution different from other dialects of Swiss Romande due to the polarization between the Germanic language imposed by Hitori Bern and the French language, becoming a symbol of resistance. According to Andres Kristol was still there at the end of the twentieth ^century 3.1% of speaker of the dialect in the canton Jura. Of the 65 municipalities in the canton of Jura, 64 are predominantly francophone except 1: Ederswiler which is 84.5% 10.1% Germanophone and French.

Article 42.2 of the Constitution of the Republic and Canton of Jura refers to the language under the term patois:

• (Article 42.2): "They and help ensure the preservation, enrichment and enhancement of heritage Jurassic, including the dialect. "

On April 26, 1997, Jean-Marie Moine proposed to consider the establishment of a Study Circle of dialect in the Jura emulation Company (SJE) (Jean-Marie Monk is the head of the Circle since its inception). It will instead wait for April 28, 2001 so that this circle is created. Named "Voiyn" (renewed in French), he regularly meets four times a year. Its activities include:

• save patois
• a catalog of everything that was written or who has appeared in patois (articles, books, CDs, cassettes, videos, etc..)
• presentation of scholarly research on language dialect, and read texts written today by patois new Circle members,
• gather all documents and make them publicly available.

Founder in 1956 of "Reton Cios di-di-Doubs" (L'Echo du Clos du Doubs, French), a friendly patois, Badet Joseph , better known as the "Djst Barotcht 's 'was committed to defending and safeguarding of the dialect. He is the author of nineteen plays and many poems and songs set to music by Paul Montavon and Ernest Beuchat. He also gave courses in patois, participated in radio and wrote numerous articles in newspapers. In 1983, he received the Literary Award Jura.

The language on

No, for the moment, Franche-Comte. However, models Babel boxes ("on , the name Babel means all the user boxes that allow contributors to specify recorded their language skills, thus facilitating communication between people of different languages can be expressed in a another language) are available in Franche-Comte, although the range of models is still incomplete (there is no box for "any level" and "level" professional ").

They are 6 in number; different levels can be defined as follows:

• level unnumbered / : Native, mastered reading and writing;

• Level 0 / fragmentary: Inability to understand the language, or only fragments of sentences, making it laborious and complicated understanding of a paragraph;

• Level 1 / Basic: Ability to understand the language enough to use an article as a source for writing another article in his own language, but also ability to ask simple questions or respond;

• Level 2 / medium: Ability to edit posts (which induces spelling, grammar and syntax almost correct) and participate in discussions relating thereto (which does not mean that, for contributions assumed that level, it be done with ease);

• Level 3 / Advanced: Easy handling of language and ability to write articles in a natural way (possibly with some venial faults very);

• Level 4 / "expert" without having that language as their mother tongue, to know enough to consider having a level very close.

Place names

• Altkirch : Arthelithe
• Banvillars : Banv'lai
• Belfort : befoe, Bfoe
• Besancon : Besancon, B'sosson, B'sanchon
• Champlitte : Champitre
• Montbeliard : Monbyai, Monblia
• Morteau : Moutchve, Motcho
• Porrentruy : Porreintru
• St. Ursanne Sint-Ouchanne
• Vesoul : Vezou

Vocabulary

Dictionary French / Patois Jura

• Human body :

Language Study

The first study dates back to the publication of the Essay of a dictionary-Comtois French by Mrs. Brown in 1755. Throughout the ^nineteenth century the language is studied on different local dialect with the inclusion of their immediate disappearance, industrial change of Franche-Comte upsetting the isolation of villages. These include studies of Fallot, Contejean, Vautherin the patois of Montbeliard and surrounding Vatra for Jura Switzerland, Roussey on Bournois or even Beauquier on regional French Doubs.

In recent decades is the linguist Dondaine Colette and her husband Lucien Dondaine who most contributed to the study of language in Franche-Comte. They conducted a study of his field and wrote several books on the subject.

• Linguistic and ethnographic Atlas of Franche-Comte (4 volumes)
• Dialects Comte d'oil
• Christmas in the patois of Besanon

In 2007 , Jean-Marie Monk, head of the Company Jurassienne Emulation, has published a dictionary "french-patois" (Jurassic) of 1700 pages, the biggest dictionary currently writing on all the area north of the language.

Dialects

The language of Franche-Comt is made up of several dialects : the free mountain valley Delmont Ajoie and the former provost Moutier-Grandval. This observation can add a seventh dialect area in the Bernese Jura. One can also distinguish a talk or rather bousbot Besanon (name of the neighborhood Casement) developed in the literature from the late ^seventeenth century with Christmas, the Nativity and Jacquemardade. This talk typical of Besanon is characterized by a high similarity to French vocabulary and a much less influenced by Germanic languages.

Syntax

In language, the language of Franche-Comt is the southern limit of the anterior displacement of the attributive adjective, it is placed before the noun it qualifies. ^Spelling

It does not currently exist spelling unified standard for the language Franche-Comte, comparable to what exists for other languages d'oil such as Norman , the Gallo or Walloon. No standard has been created to transcribe the different dialectal variations. We can also say that there is also no specific standard set for his writing, especially as regards the marking of sounds. We often find different spellings "personal" used by speakers to transcribe the Franche-Comte in writing.

Some speakers, particularly in association publishing textbooks and periodical papers, employ a qualified graphic of Anglicized spelling that is closer to the writing of Franche-Comte spelling standards and conventions of French. It was popularized by Simon Vatra in the forties. It seems that this graphic method had already been adopted in the late nineteenth ^century by A. Vautherin and Contejean Ch. However, there were obvious variations in the spelling based on the method of spelling Frenchified.

2 agreements have been chosen to record the sounds exist in the French language. Thus, we note in the spelling used for the dialect and Jura ajoulots:

• Ch to note a sound similar to ch du ich German (for the northern dialects of the domain). TCH replaces that often.
• In for a note from his nasalized i and in.

In historical texts, we find the notation E indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel in a word, this rule applies especially to the writings Besanon.

Comparative Glossary

Bibliography

Music and Literature

Jean-Louis Bisot (or Bizot) born in Besanon in 1702 and a former adviser to the bailiwick of the city wrote a few poems in Franche-Comte whose arrival in the other world from a lady in baskets (Besancon, 1735) and La jacquemardade (Dole, 1753) epi-comical poem.

Alexander Verdel songwriter, originiaire of Avanne language has grown by writing texts in Franche-Comte.

There are also the talk of Franche-Comte in the novels of Marcel Ayme : Gustalin 1938 , and The Sorcerer 1943.

The Ulysses and Climne of Madeleine and George Becker are stories (smallpox) contained in a 59-page booklet, printed by the printing of Metth Montbliard in 1949. It tells the stories of a couple of old lugger. Many of these stories have been reprinted and translated in the memories of society emulation Montbliard in 1995 , 1996 and 1997.

Jules surdez , teacher from the a href = "Clos-du-Doubs" class = "mw-redirect" title = "Clos du Doubs"> Clos du Doubs, collected during his life hundreds of oral histories language Jura Franche-Comt (in the Jura dialect) which he then transcribed and written.

The Christmas, plays the part with the nativity ( creche Grandfather ), are part of the historical literature (from the ^seventeenth century). These texts must be viewed with caution because the spelling and vocabulary used are most heavily influenced by the French.

Quotes

• Report by Professor Bernard Cerquiglini, director of the National Institute of the French language (a branch of CNRS), the Minister of National Education, Research and Technology and the French Minister of Culture and Communication on the languages of France published in April 1999:

"The gap has been widening between the French and variety of the langue d'oil, which can not be regarded today as" French dialects "Franc-Comtois, Walloon, Picard, Norman, Gallo, Poitevin-Saintonge, Burgundy-Morvan, Lorraine must be selected among the regional languages of France when they qualify for "Languages d'oil, placing them in the list of regional languages of France."

• Extract from Sebastian Commissioner worker and weaver Republican martyr:

"My father, I said already, loved his native Franche-Comte. He had retained the habit of talking with her children around the patois of Besancon. He never spoke to us French, and my brothers and I always spoke to her patois, we spoke French as our mother did not speak the dialect of Besancon. "

• Ignored anecdotes drawn from 600 communes in 30 of the Doubs:

"Speaking (of) dialect, it is not off the subject. He went between the two wars, little by little, without anyone realizing it. And why? Our parents, among them, spoke patois, but they have stopped talking to their children. They thought it might embarrass them to learn French at school. And again the teacher sanctioned a student who came a word of patois. That's when the French killed the dialect. Cohabitation had become impossible. The French villain was an antagonist for the dialect, which only wanted to survive. "

• Evidence of a female speaker in Lou chee our patois - bulletin of the Union of patois in Romance languages:

"Her interest has focused on the study of dialect has reinforced our commitment, our loyalty to what was the language of our distant ancestors. Language unjustly despised as an expression of the lower classes of society of yesteryear. "

References

Internal Links

• Language literature comtoise
• Bibliography of dialects Franche-Comte
• Language
  • language list
    • Languages by family
      • Indo-European
        • Romance
          • Gallo-Romance languages
            • Languages d'oil

External Links

• (En) Union of patois-speaking Roman Belfort: http://patois.belfort.free.fr
• (En) Company Jurassienne Emulation: http://www.sje.ch/
• (En) Djsans Patois: http://www.image-jura.ch/djasans/
• (En) Site cancoillotte.net contains a dictionary of words of French regional free-riding.
• (En) Jean-Ren site contains some phrases Franche-Comt.
• (En) Home lexilogos with books on Franche-Comte: http://www.lexilogos.com/franc_comtois_dictionnaire.htm

• Portal of the Franche-Comte
• Language portal

Leave a Reply

Frequently Asked Questions