Gregory Ix
| Gregory IX Pope of the Catholic Church | |
|---|---|
| |
| |
| Birth name | Ugolino di Conti |
| Birth | to 1145 |
| Election to the papacy | 19 March 1227 |
| Enthronement | 21 March 1227 |
| End of the pontificate | 22 August 1241 |
| Predecessor | Honorius III |
| Successor | Celestine IV |
| Lists of Popes chronology Alphabetical | |
change  | |
Gregory IX, born Ugolino Ugolino or Anagni Anagni (born c. 1145 - died on 22 August 1241 ), in the prophecy of St. Malachy. Pope from 1227 to 1241, the successor of Honorius III , he inherited traditions of Gregory VII and his cousin Innocent III. His pontificate was marked by an intense work of codification and by conflict with the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and with the kings of France and England, but also with the population of Rome.
Summary |
Gregory IX and Innocent IV repeat the theocratic theories of Innocent III , his cousin, justifying the absolute sovereignty of the pope by the false donation of Constantine , the transfer of imperial power from the East to the West, the consecration by which alone the Pope is the emperor, or the theory of two swords.
One of the first acts of Pope Gregory IX was to suspend the Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen , for the delay in undertaking the Sixth Crusade. The suspension was followed by the excommunication and threats of deposition after Frederick II had complained of this treatment with other sovereigns. The emperor attempted invasion of the Papal States in 1228 but it failed and he was forced to beg for absolution and the lifting of the excommunication.
On 13 April 1231 , Gregory IX issued the bull Parens Scientiarum Universitas , which deals with privileges and prohibitions on academics.
The Romans rebelled against the Pope after this period and he was exiled to Anagni and seek the assistance of Frederick II against the citizens of the Eternal City in 1232.
Hostilities between the emperor and the pope then resumed and the Pope renewed excommunication in 1239 , sparking a new war which Gregory IX did not see the end as he died August 22, 1241.
The Pope, who was a lawyer scholar, was convened in 1234 the Nova Compilatio Decretalium (New Compilation of decrees ). It was also he who organized the canonization of St. Elizabeth of Hungary , Dominic de Guzman , Anthony of Padua and Francis of Assisi , he had personally known. Finally, he instituted the Inquisition in 1231 , and entrusted the execution to the preaching friars (Franciscans and Dominicans). So he took power in power secular doctrine of judging, but for lack of sufficient manpower, the Inquisition will have to rely on local princes, who will find ways to strengthen their powers .
He condemned, in 1236 , the excesses of the Fifth Crusade against Jews.
He was also in conflict with King Henry III of England and its conflicts with the king of France Louis IX would have prompted the king to write the Pragmatic Sanction (but it is estimated that this text would be much later or it would be even made a false of XIV century ).
Bubbles
(Partial list)
- 1231 - Parens Scientiarum Universitas, privileges and prohibitions on academics.
- 1233 - Vox in Rama, the first bull against witches
- 1236 - Bubble seal with granting the waiver for offices in the Abbey of Saint-Martin d'Autun (Autun Municipal Archives)
Banned
- 1232 - According to the author HP Lovecraft , Pope Gregory IX had been banned in 1232 , the Greek and Latin of the Necronomicon.
See also
Internal Links
References
- reference, citation or link
- Colette Arnold, History of Witchcraft, Tallandier, March 19, 2009, 494 p. ( ISBN 2847345655 ), p. 27
- cited in notes 87 of the Charter of the Cartulary of the Abbey of Saint-Martin d'Autun.
Muzelle Stphane, 100 sheets of medieval history. Paris: Breal, 2004, p.138
| Preceded by | Gregory IX | Followed by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Honorius III |
| Celestine IV |
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