Harald I Of Norway
| Harald I of Norway | ||
 | ||
Handover between Harald I of Norway (the crown) and his father | ||
| Reign | ||
| 872 - 931 | ||
| Dynasty | Hrfagretta | |
|---|---|---|
| Predecessor | no | |
| Successor | Eric I of Norway | |
| Other functions | ||
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| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique5 | |
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| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique6 | |
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| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur6 | |
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| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique8 | |
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| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique9 | |
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| Predecessor | {{{}}} Prdcesseur9 | |
| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur9 | |
| {{{}}} Fonction10 | ||
| Period {{{Start}} fonction10} - {{{end}}} fonction10 | ||
| President | {{{}}} Prsident10 | |
| Speaker (s) of the Republic | {{{President}}} rpublique10 | |
| Monarch | {{{}}} Monarque10 | |
| Governor General | {{{}}} Gouverneur10 | |
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| Successor | {{{}}} Successeur10 | |
| Biography | ||
| Birth | to 850 | |
| Deaths | 933 | |
| Father | Halfdan the Black | |
| Mother | Ragnhild Sigurdsdotter | |
| Spouse (s) | Ragnhild Eriksdotter sa Hkonsdotter Various concubines | |
| {{{Crest}}} | ||
| {{{List}}} sovereign | ||
Harald I. (circa 850 - 933 ), nicknamed Belle hair in Old Norse , in Norwegian ) was the first king ( 872 - 931 ) of Norway
Summary |
Little is known about the historical Harald. The only contemporary sources mentioning are the poems skaldic Haraldskvi and Glymdrpa of Thorbjrn Hornklofi. The first poem describes life at Harald's court, stating that he took a Danish woman and a victory at Hafrsfjord. The second relates a series of battles that Harald has earned. It is mentioned in any contemporary foreign sources.
Her life is however described in several sagas , but the first of them has not been written before the end of the twelfth century , more than 250 years after his death. Their accounts of the life of Harald differ on many points and much of their content is clearly mythological. They give him including having unified Norway. Modern historians believe that this rule was limited to coastal areas of southern Norway.
The story of the sagas
Succeeding the death of his father Halfdan the Black Gudrdsson, when he was ten, he ascended the throne of several small kingdoms scattered enough. Halfdan had either won or had inherited, and these kingdoms were located mostly in south-eastern Norway.
According to accounts of the time, it is because of disdain for the daughter of a neighboring king, Eric of Hordaland , Harald vowed not to cut or comb his hair until it is the only king of Norway. The daughter of Eric of Hordaland in fact refuses to marry him before it is king of all Norway. It takes him ten years. After that, he changed the epithet "kinky" or "ruffled" to that under which he was then known, Harald Beautiful hair.
In 866 , he began a series of conquests over the many small kingdoms that make up then Norway. Between 872 and 885 (opinions vary), after a great victory Hafrsfjord near Stavanger , he is king of the entire country. The monument 's swords on rocks commemorates his victory.
His reign, however, is threatened by dangers from outside since many of his opponents have found refuge not only in Iceland , just discovery but also in the archipelagos of Orkney , Shetland , the Hebrides and the Faroe and even Normandy in Scotland and Ireland. These winter quarters, they sail to harass Norway and all of northern Europe. To these enemies abroad in addition, inside the country, people dissatisfied with the will of Harald increase taxes on their land. Later he is forced to make an expedition westward to take control of Orkney to force the Vikings in it from around the Iceland.
The last part of his reign was disturbed by strife among its many son. It gives them fiefs to administer, but that arrangement does not terminate their quarrels: they will continue during the next reign. When he gets old, it transmits the supreme power to his favorite son Eric "Bloody Axe" , which he wants to make his only successor. This goes against the law of succession in force at the time, which provides that all heirs must receive equal shares of inheritance.
When he died he had eight wives and concubines and twenty-three children. Twelve of them become kings, including two from all over Norway. He is the grandfather of Harald II of Norway.
Influence of Harald the settlement of Iceland
It was long thought that the policy of Harald I, who had provoked the exile of many Norwegians had also helped the Norse settlement of Iceland. According to this view, the island was populated by Norwegians unhappy, fleeing Harald claims to tax land that had previously been under the full sovereignty of their owners. This view was largely abandoned by modern historians when archaeological findings have proved that the settlement of Iceland began before the reign of Harald in Norway.
Progeny
Children with sa , daughter of Hkon Grjotgardsson , Earl of Lade :
- Guttorm Haraldsson , King of Ranrike
- Halvdan Kvit (Haraldsson), king of Trondheim
- Halvdan Svarte (Haraldsson), king of Trondheim.
- Sigrd Haraldsson , king of Trondheim
Children with Gyda daughter of Eric Hordaland :
- Alov Arbot (Haraldsdotter)
- Rrek Haraldsson
- Sigtrygg Haraldsson
- Frode Haraldsson
- Torgils Haraldsson
Children with Ragnhild Eirksdttir of Jutland :
- Eric I. bloody ax , King of Norway.
Svanhild with children, a daughter of Earl Eystein of:
- Bjrn Farmann king of Vestfold.
- Olaf Haraldsson Geirstadalf king of Vingulmark later also Vestfold.
- Ragnar Rykkel
Children with shild , daughter of Ring Dagsson :
Children with Snfrid , daughter of the Finnish Svse :
Children with Tora Mosterstong , her maid:
- Hkon the good king of Norway.
Other children:
See also
Sources
- Byron J. Nordstrom Dictionary of Scandinavian History, London 1986 ( ISBN 0313228876 ) p.266-267.
- Snorri Sturluson , Heimskringla translated from Old Icelandic introduced and annotated:
- History Harald Fairhair History of the Kings of Norway, by Franois-Xavier Dillmann , "The dawn of peoples", Gallimard, Paris, 2000 ( ISBN 2-07-073211-8 )
- (In) The Norse Sagas of Kings: The Harald Fairhaired Chapter III Everyman's Library (English version).
Related articles
External Links
- (En) Genealogy
| Preceded by | Harald I of Norway | Followed by | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vestfold Halfdan III (Wren Norway) |
| Eric I. |
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