Jacques II of England and VII of Scotland, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller in 1684

The Jacobite rebellions are a series of uprisings, rebellions and wars in the British Isles between 1688 and 1746. The uprisings aimed at restoring Jacques VII of Scotland and II of England and his descendants of the House of Stuart on the throne from which they were deprived by Parliament after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.

This series of conflicts takes its name from Jacobus, version Latin Jacques. The French military is participating in 1692 and 1708. Some 40,000 refugees Jacobites in France have settled between 1688 and 1692, called the wild geese. Louis XIV installs the English king in exile Jacques II in his castle of Saint Germain en Laye, with the Jacobite court in exile. The city has over 1,700 Jacobites in 1700.

These revolts were the result of massive emigration of the people of Scotland, known as the Highland Clearances , to the plains of the coast and to America, especially in the foothills of the Appalachians. They have caused the end of the existing system of social solidarity within the Scottish clans, whose leaders have become landowners.

Despite the trauma of the massacre of Glencoe , the revolt continued and even intensified after the Accession of the House of Hanover on the British throne in 1714. They continue until the last Jacobite Rebellion ("the Forty-Five"), led by Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), which is annihilated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 , shattering any realistic hope of a restoration of the Stuarts.

Before the second half of the ^seventeenth century, the British Isles suffer a time of political turmoil and religious. The Commonwealth of England has disappeared with the Restoration of Charles II , the restoration of the Church of England and the imposition of government of the Episcopal Church.

In 1685 , Charles II succeeded his brother, a Catholic, Jacques II , which attempts to impose religious toleration for Catholics and Protestant dissenters, upsetting members of the Anglican elite. In 1688 , the second wife of Jacques gives birth to a son, creating the prospect of a Catholic dynasty, and the "Seven Immortals" invite the daughter of Jacques, Marie , and her husband and cousin William of Orange-Nassau to remove the King and reign together with him. On November 4 1688 William arrived at Torbay, in England , when he landed the next day, Jacques flees to France: in February 1689 , the Glorious Revolution formally changed England's monarch, but many Catholics, Episcopalians and Royalists Tories still support Jacques as the only constitutionally legitimate monarch. Scotland slow to recognize William, who summoned a Convention of States, it meets on 14 March 1689 in Edinburgh and studied a conciliatory letter from William, against a haughty letter to Jacques. In the camp of Jacques, a small force of fifty horsemen gathered by John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee was in town to serve the convention early, but he withdrew after four days, when William became the rallying obvious. The convention recognizes its limitations, and William and Mary are proclaimed at Edinburgh on 11 April 1689 , then they are crowned in London in May

Jacobite War in Ireland

Ireland Orangemen War
Battle of the Boyne, painting by Jan Wyck.
General Information
Date	12 March 1689 - 3 October 1691
Location	Ireland
Issue	Orange Victory
Belligerents
Orangemen Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland United Provinces	Jacobites Kingdom of France
Commanders
William III of England Frederick Armand de Schomberg Ginkell of Athlone Godert	Jacques II of England Richard Talbot Tyrconnel Patrick Sarsfield Antonin Nompar Caumont de Lauzun
Forces present
~ 44 000 men	~ 39 000 men
War of the League of Augsburg Ireland Orangemen War
Battles
Derry - Dromore - Newtownbutler - Boyne - 1st Limerick - Athlone - Aughrim - 2nd Limerick
change

Ireland Orangemen war is an open conflict due to the attempts of Jacques II to regain his throne. It pits the Catholic Jacobites and Irish allies in the Kingdom of France to William III, King of England , supported by the United Provinces , at the head of an army composed of English , of Scottish , in Dutch , of Huguenot French to Danish , the Norwegian and Irish Protestants and Orangemen. This war affects the Jacobite rebellion in Scotland which begins at about the same time. When it expires in October 1691, the Irish Jacobite army after the Battle of Aughrim and the siege of Limerick , Ireland leaves for France, becoming the Irish Brigade , which provides auxiliary troops during the Jacobite Rebellion of Forty-Five in Scotland.

War Orangeman in Scotland
General Information
Date	16 April 1689 - May 1, 1690
Location	Scotland
Issue	Orange Victory
Belligerents
Orangemen Kingdom of England Kingdom of Scotland	Jacobites
Commanders
Hugh Mackay	John Graham, 1st Viscount of Dundee
War of the League of Augsburg War Orangeman in Scotland
Battles
Killiecrankie - Dunkeld - Cromdale
change

The revolt of Dundee in Scotland

On 16 April 1689 , John Graham of Claverhouse stands the banner of Jacques on the hilltop of Dundee with fewer than 50 men at his side. At the time, it is known to Bluidy Clavers ("Clavers the bloody") for his part in the negotiations with the Covenanters , but today we remember him as Bonnie Dundee (Dundee Bel "), referring to the lyrics of a popular song written by the sentimental romantic writer Walter Scott in 1830. Jacques has already happened in Ireland , and his letter is on its way, promising support for Irish troops to support the rebellion in Scotland. Initially, the Viscount Dundee struggling to assemble a large number of supporters, but things changed after the Orange Major General Hugh Mackay of Scourie shows his incompetence in pursuing Dundee to the north. Meanwhile, 200 Irish soldiers are able to successfully Kintyre. Dundee gets reinforcements clans Catholics and Episcopalians in the Western Highlands.

In July, the Jacobites have 8 battalions and 2 companies, almost all Highlanders. Dundee won the trust of the clans in understanding the need to treat each Highlander as a gentleman who likely allegiance to his chief and clan, with its label and its precedence, is more important than membership, secondary to Jacobitism. At a time when the infantry is trained to fight in formation, the method of the Highlander is to put aside their plaids and other bulky items before the battle to reduce shock when the enemy, then run towards him, crying with a sword and shield or other weapon at their disposal, sometimes a fork or a Lochaber Axe (a hatchet and a lance combined on a long pole). This load could cause great damage among the troops in line, before reloading their muskets and fix bayonets.

This charge defeated a large body of Lowlanders the Scottish Battle of Killiecrankie on 27 July 1689 , but approximately one third of the Highlanders killed in combat, and Dundee himself died during the battle. In the street fighting of the Battle of Dunkeld on 21 August the Jacobite Highlanders retreating before the Cameronians (now a regiment of Government), but much of the north remained hostile to the government and sent expeditions to submit the Highlands undergo series of skirmishes. The Jacobite forces suffered a crushing defeat in the Hauts de Cromdale on ¹ May 1690 , then in the same month, Mackay Batot Fort William on the site of an ancient fort built by Cromwell.

In June, received news of the victory of William of Orange Jacques II at the Battle of the Boyne and Jacobite hopes of ruin. On 17 August 1691 , William offers forgiveness to all the clans of Highland , provided they have sworn an oath of allegiance before ¹ January 1692 before a magistrate. The heads of the Highlands send a word to Jacques, now in exile in France , where they ask her permission to take the oath. Jacques hesitates, before allowing a message that is received by its recipients in mid-December. Copy of the brutality of Glencoe massacre precipitated the rallies, and in spring 1692, all the Jacobite chiefs were sworn to William.

The "Old Pretender"

The Old Pretender attempt an invasion in 1708

After a brief peace, the war of Spanish Succession renews support of France and the Jacobites in 1708 Jacques Stuart, the Old Pretender embarks Dunkirk with 6000 French soldiers in over 30 ships of the French Navy. Their attempt to land at the mouth of the Forth was thwarted by the Royal Navy under the command of Admiral Byng pursuing the French fleet and forced to retreat to the north of Scotland, losing ships and Many men in shipwrecks on the road to Dunkirk.

The French fleet consisted of five warships and twenty frigates, carrying 5,000 men, much in the hands of privateers, under the command of Admiral Forbin and Marshal of Matignon .

The Fifteen

Jacobite Rebellion first
Battle of Glen Shiel, painting by Peter Tillemans, 1719.
General Information
Date	1715 - 1719
Location	Scotland
Issue	Hanoverian victory
Belligerents
Hanoverian United Kingdom of Great Britain	Jacobites Spain
Commanders
George I of Great Britain John Campbell of Argyll	Jacques Francois Stuart John Erskine of Mar George Murray
First Jacobite Rebellion
Battles
Preston - Sheriffmuir - Glen Shiel
change

Jacques Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766), the Old Pretender

Following accession to the throne of Great Britain of the Hanoverian George ^I in 1714, the Jacobite Tories in England conspired to organize an armed revolt against the new government Hanoverian , but they show are undecided and scared the arrest of their leaders by the government. In Scotland, however, 1715 is held the so-called since the first Jacobite Rebellion (or

The Treaty of Utrecht ends the war between France and Great Britain. In France, Jacques Stuart, the Old Pretender, corresponds with the Earl of Mar and in the summer of 1715, he calls to raise the clans. Mar, nicknamed Bobbin 'John, left London and rushes to Braemar , where he summoned clan leaders to "a large hunting party" on August 27 1715. On September 6 , he proclaims Jacques as "their lawful sovereign" and raised the old Scottish standard, whereupon (alarmingly) the golden ball falls from the top of the mast. The proclamation of March as an alliance of clans and Lowlanders north, who come quickly to all parts of the Highlands.

The men seized without opposition in March of Perth on September 14 , his army grew, reaching about 8,000 men, but a force of less than 2,000 men under the Duke of Argyll took the plain Stirlingpour the government, and Mar, undecided, keeps its troops in Perth. He awaits the arrival of Earl of Seaforth , with a body of northern clans, but Seaforth was delayed by the attack of loyalist clans. The uprising under Wales and in Devon is broken by the arrest of the Jacobites by the local government.

Switched to the October 6 , an uprising in the north of England brings together 300 horsemen under the command of Thomas Forster , a squire of Northumberland , who joined an uprising in the south of Scotland under the command of Viscount Kenmure. March sends them a Jacobite troops commanded by Brigadier William Mackintosh Borlum. She left Perth on October 10 and is across the mouth of the Forth from Burntisland to East Lothian. There it is diverted by an attack on Edinburgh , which is not defended, but when she took up the citadel of Leith , it is driven by the arrival of the forces of Argyll. Mackintosh's troops, who have 2,000 men, advancing towards the south and their allies meet at Kelso in the Scottish Borders on October 22 , they lose several days to argue over tactics. The Scots want to defeat the government forces in the vicinity or attack Dumfries and Glasgow , but the English were determined to march on Liverpool and intend to win 20,000 recruits in Lancashire.

The Highlanders refuse to walk to England, and several have mutinied or defection, but they follow. Far from being welcomed with open arms, as they hoped, the Jacobites have to face the hostility of the militia army with very few recruits. They come without opposition in Lancaster and found some 1500 recruits when they join Preston on November 9 , swelling their ranks, which then comprise about 4000 men. But the forces Hanoverian (including Cameronians ) manage to surprise them at the Battle of Preston , the survivors of the Jacobite army surrendered on November 14.

In Scotland, during the Battle of Sheriffmuir on November 13 , Mar's army can not defeat a lower troop numbers ordered by the Duke of Argyll and Mar retreated to Perth, while the army government collects. Belatedly, on 22 December 1715 , a ship from France led to the Old Pretender Paterhead , but it is too a victim of melancholy and fever to transcend his supporters. He set up his court briefly to Scone in Perthshire , visited his troops in Perth and ordered the burning of villages to hinder the advance of the Duke of Argyll, which traverse a snowy country. The Highlanders are excited by the idea of a battle, but counselors of Jacques decided to discontinue the business and ordered a retreat to the coast, under the pretext of finding a better position. Jacques boarded a boat at Montrose and moved to France on 4 February 1716 , sending a message calling on his supporters Highlands to cope.

Support from the Spanish in Jacobite Rebellion

Cardinal Giulio Alberoni

France having signed peace with the English, the Jacobites found a new ally with Cardinal Giulio Alberoni , minister of the king of Spain. Aboard an invading army in 1719 aboard two frigates and landed in Scotland, to raise the clans, and 27 ships carrying 5,000 soldiers to England, but the latter are dispersed by storms before they could disembark. When the two Spanish frigates landed a Jacobite forces led by Lord Tullibardine and the Earl of Marischal with 300 Spanish soldiers at Loch Duich , she captured the castle of Eilean Donan , but it meets only a lukewarm support among clans and small, during the Battle of Glen Shiel the Spanish soldiers were forced to surrender to government forces.

Suites Fifteen

Following the Fifteen, the Disarmament Act and the Act clans trying unsuccessfully to submit the Highlands of Scotland. Government garrisons were built or expanded in the Great Glen to Fort William , Kiliwhimin (later renamed Fort Augustus ) and Fort George, Inverness , as well as barracks at Ruthven , Bernera ( Glenelg ) and Inversnaid , bound south roads Wade built by Major General George Wade.

In 1725, Wade created the independents Guards blacks as a militia to ensure peace in the Highlands, inisciplins. But in 1743, they are sent to fight the French in Flanders. Effectively, their commander at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745, is the Duke of Cumberland , who also commands to Culloden.

The attempted French invasion of 1744

In 1743 , the War of Austrian Succession triggered an open conflict between Britain and France. English Jacobite chiefs call on France to organize an armed intervention. In response, the master of the cavalry of the King of France was sent to the south of England to meet with the Tories and discuss their project. In November 1743 Louis XV allows a full-scale invasion of southern England in February 1744 , from a surprise attack. The troops have to walk from their winter quarters on barges and ship hidden with Charles Edward Stuart to join them, guided by pilots English Jacobites, Maldon in the Essex , where they must be joined by local Tories, before march immediately on London. Charles (later known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender), who was then living in exile in Rome with his father, Jacques Stuart, the Old Pretender ), rushed to France.

On February 13 , the British government is still ignoring the French project. However, one of the worst storms of the century broke out, scattering the February 24 , the French fleet, when she was about to cross the English Channel , destroying a boat and putting five out of use.

The barges began boarding about 10,000 soldiers, and the storm caused numerous casualties among the men and destroyed a major transportation equipment company. On February 28 , Charles is officially notified that the invasion was canceled. France declared war on many Great Britain , whose authorities have denounced the presence of Charles, but without assuring him of their support.

The Forty-Five

Jacobite Rebellion II
Jacobites, 1745, painting by John Pettie
General Information
Date	19 August 1745 - 16 April 1746
Location	Scotland , England
Issue	Hanoverian victory
Belligerents
Hanoverian United Kingdom of Great Britain	Jacobites Kingdom of France
Commanders
George II of Great Britain Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland George Wade	Charles Edward Stuart George Murray
War of Austrian Succession Second Jacobite Rebellion
Battles
Prestonpans - Falkirk - Culloden
change

The link is so strong between 1745 and the revolt in the Gaelic mindset that the year is designated as the Bliadhna Therlaich (the year of Charles) in Scottish Gaelic.

Charles Stuart still believes in a project to conquer the crown and remembers that at the beginning of 1744 a small number of chieftains Scottish Highlands had sent a message saying they would rise if he managed to land with no if only 3,000 French soldiers. Harassment as he ministers to launch a new invasion, causing them irritation. In secret, he is also preparing a plan with a private Nantes , the Company of Angola , founded by exiled Scots bankers, by pledging the jewels of her mother. They chartered a small frigate, Teillay From (name of a commissioner of the navy port of Nantes), a small fast ship brand new, 150 tons, 18 guns, 24 swivels, and 67 crewmen, built for Anthony Walsh (a family of emigrant Irish Nantes ), the richest owner and slave port of Nantes. He embarked with him before July 2, 1745 Mindin at the mouth of the Loire, to try to raise Scotland. The expedition reached the harbor of Belle-Ile-en-Mer a second ship, old ship of the line named the Elizabeth (200-300 men) under the pretext of a single cruise, leaving a personal letter from Charles to the address of Louis XV , announcing their departure and asking his help in the revolt. The Elizabeth, who carries weapons, food and 700 volunteers from the Irish brigade, met the HMS Lion, ship Royal Navy and the battle damage committed while the two ships, and Elizabeth is forced to fight retreat. She went to release Brest under the command of Lieutenant John Peter Bart, nephew of the famous Jean Bart , who replaced the commander of Mr. Hau, mortally wounded. The frigate managed to land Charles and his seven men of Moidart on the island of Eriskay in the Outer Hebrides on 2 August 1745.

Scottish clans and their leaders first show low enthusiasm, learning his arrival or ammunition without a soldier ( Alexander MacDonald of Sleat and Norman MacLeod of MacLeod refused even to meet him), but Charles went to Moidart and on 19 August 1745 , raises the standard in Glenfinnan engaging the second Jacobite rebellion in the name of his father. Approximately 1200 men joined him, most of the Clan Donald Clan Ranald of Clan MacDonell of Glengarry, the Clan Donald of Keppoch, and Clan Cameron. The Jacobite army march south of Glenfinnan , involving about 3000 men, although two clan leaders have demanded compensation insurance before joining.

The greater part of the British army in Flanders and Germany , leaving an inexperienced force of about 4000 men in Scotland under the command of Sir John Cope. His army marching north in the Highlands , but found little support because of the unpopularity of the government Hanoverian King George II. Believing the rebel army is stronger than it actually, it avoids an engagement with the Jacobites at the Pass Corryairack, retreating northwards in the direction of Inverness.

The Jacobites then captured Perth and at Coatbridge on the road from Edinburgh crush two regiments of dragoons Hanoverian. In Edinburgh , there is panic among the custody of the city and volunteers, and when the bridge of the city of Port Netherbow is open during the night, some beyond the sentinels of the Camerons and takes control of the city. The next day the king Jacques VIII was proclaimed at Mercat Cross and a triumphant Charles entered the Palace of Holyrood.

Cope's army obtained food to Inverness , then went by sea from Aberdeen towards Dunbar and met the Jacobite army near Prestonpans to the east of Edinburgh. On 21 September 1745 , at the Battle of Prestonpans a surprise attack designed by Lord George Murray crushes the government army, like the famous Jacobite song of Adam Skirving Hey, Johnny Cope, are you waking yet?. Charles wrote to France immediately, arguing in favor of a speedy invasion of England. This is the alarm in England, and in London a patriotic song, including a prayer for the success of Marshal Wade, in charge of crushing the Scots would later become the British national anthem "God Save the Queen.

The Jacobites held the city of Edinburgh , but not the castle. Charles held his court at Holyrood palace for five weeks in the middle of the greatest admiration and the greatest enthusiasm, but no local regiment is raised. Number of Highlanders returning home with the spoils of battle and recruiting resumed, though clans Whigs opposed the Jacobites are also able to organize. France sent some weapons and funds, promising to lead an invasion of England by the end of the year. The War Council headed by Charles Murray opposes the idea of leaving the Scotia , but they said he received assurances from British Conservatives an uprising if he appears with his army in England and the Council eventually agreed to walk south to the majority of one.

A Jacobite army of less than 6000 men met on November 3. Meanwhile, the government reduced the continent experienced troops, and an army under the command of General George Wade gathers to Newcastle. Charles wants to fight but, on the advice of Lord George Murray and the Council, its army is heading towards Carlisle and successfully managed to circumvent Wade. In Manchester , about 250 Episcopalians formed a regiment, but no other English only joined the Prince. In late November, the French ships arrived in Scotland with 800 men of the Royal Scots and the Irish Brigade of the French army.

March of the Guards to Finchley by William Hogarth (1750), satirical picture of the soldiers raised to defend London against the Jacobite rebellion in 1745.

The Jacobite army, now reduced because of desertions to under 5,000 men, is operated by Murray in the east of a second government army under the command of the Duke of Cumberland and marched on Derby.

The Jacobites come to Derby on 4 December , only 200 miles from London , plunged into panic, with Charles angered by how he speaks Murray. Charles was informed of the progress of the French invasion fleet which is assembled at Dunkirk , but before his War Council, he is forced to admit his lies about the French insurance. While Charles is determined to force the pace in the false belief that the success of the movement is due to the fact that professional soldiers can not fight with courage against their true prince, his Council and Lord George Murray put forward their position. The promises of British support did not materialize, Wade and Cumberland approaching, a militia was formed in London, and they learned that a third army will surround them (in fact, a lie disseminated by a government double agent).

They insist that their army back to Scotland , where forces come together ever more numerous. This time, only Charles voted to continue the advance, he agreed, not without humor, and says that henceforth he would consult over its Board. On December 6 , the Jacobites retreating, with irritable Charles refuses to take any part in the campaign's success to the excellent leadership of Murray, whose brilliant feints and plans have been carefully prepared to Army to remain virtually intact. The new retirement leads the French to cancel their planned invasion, which was only waiting to be launched, while English Tories who had sent a message pledging support if Charles had reached London , declined.

A rearguard action took place north of Penrith. The regiment of Manchester is left to defend Carlisle and after a siege by Cumberland led him to surrender, to conduct skirmishes or transportation. Many die in the castle of Carlisle , where they are imprisoned under brutal conditions with Scottish prisoners that Morier was observed to paint the clansmen in kilts in battle. Number of cells still reveal cavities licked the walls of stone, because the prisoners had the moisture and moss stones to survive. At Christmas the Jacobites come to Glasgow and force the city to supply their army. Then, on Jan. 3 , they start to seize Stirling and begin the unsuccessful siege of Stirling Castle. From the north, Jacobite reinforcements joined them and, on Jan. 17 , about 8 000-9 000 men went on the offensive, before the approach of General Henry Hawley , they crush the army at the Battle of Falkirk.

The Battle of Culloden, by Morier

The Jacobite army then turned north, losing men in a futile attempt to seize Stirling Castle and Fort William , but she conquered Fort Augustus and Fort George in Inverness by early April. Charles then returned to the charge, insisting to carry a defensive orthodoxy. On 16 April 1746 , the Jacobites were finally defeated near Inverness at the Battle of Culloden , by Hanoverian forces composed of English and Scottish soldiers and militia of the Campbell clan , under the orders of the Duke of Cumberland. The charge to the sword apparently suicidal Highlanders against cannon and muskets had led to victory in previous battles, but it fails this time because of the terrain chosen by Charles, who fail to lend, its hesitant tactics and experience of men from Cumberland, tested in the bayonet according to a new tactic to resist loads. Charles soon abandoned his army, blaming the treachery of his officers, while after the defeat the stragglers and uncommitted units have joined the meeting and agreed only after that were scattered around them had been given.

Charles fled to France , disguised as a lady's companion, Flora Macdonald. Cumberland's army crushed the rebellion and destroyed definitively Jacobitism as a serious political force in Britain. The decline of Jacobitism wear Charles sees in vain attempts to get support, and various conspiracies for the lifting of his supporters in England.

List of clans that joined the Prince

The following clans have joined the Prince: Clan Cameron , Clan Chisholm , Clan Donald of Keppoch , Clan Donald of Clan Ranald , Clan Donald of Glencoe , Clan Drummond , Clan Farquharson , Clan Hay , Livingstone or Macle Clan , Clan MacBain , Clan MacColl , Clan MacDonnell of Glengarry , Clan MacFie , MacGillvary Clan , Clan MacGregor , Clan MacInnes , Clan MacKintosh , Clan MacIver , Clan MacKinnon , Clan MacLachlan , Clan MacLaren , Clan MacNeil of Barra , Clan Macpherson , Clan Menzies , Clan Morrison , Clan Ogilvy , Clan Oliphant , Clan Robertson , Clan Stewart of Appin.

In addition, the regiment of Highlanders of Atholl was largely composed of members of Clan Murray , the Clan Fergusson , and Clan Stewart of Atholl. A significant number of men of Clan Boyd , the Clan Elphinstone , the Clan Forbes of Clan Keith , the MacIntyre Clan , the Clan MacKenzie , the Clan MacLean of the Clan MacLeod of MacLeod of Clan MacLeod of Lewis , the Clan MacTavish , the Clan MacMillan , the Maxwell Clan of Clan Ramsay , and Clan Wemyss also joined the Jacobite army.

The Clan Fraser of Lovat also joined the prince and fought at Culloden, while the other Clan Fraser remained neutral. Many men of the Clan Gordon also joined the Jacobites, led by the president's brother, Lord Lewis Gordon. When the chief of Clan Gordon proclaimed his support the British government, his brother raised two regiments for the Jacobites.

Several leaders, who have attempted or planned to raise their clan for the Prince have been arrested or imprisoned, including Sir James Campbell and Alexander MacDougall Auchnabreck Dunollie, including attempted uprising was stopped, the Clan Campbell of Auchnabreck and the Clan MacDougall by Campbell of Argyll, Sir Hector MacLean and Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, who raised the Clan MacLean and Clan MacTavish were imprisoned by the British.

Standards and Jacobites

Standards of Charles Edward Stuart

Standards Jacobite captured at the Battle of Culloden, 1746.

Cultural references

• The first novel by Walter Scott , Waverley revolves around the rebellion of Forty-Five, giving a vivid description of the Battle of Prestonpans and a description of Doune Castle, a Jacobite stronghold.
• In The Master of Ballantrae by Robert Louis Stevenson , a family decides to send his son into each of two opposing camps during the second Jacobite rebellion, to be secured to preserve its fields, whatever the winner. Similarly, the plot of Kidnapped, part of the Adventures of David Balfour is based on real events that took place during the revolt.
• The events of the rebellion inspired the song "Chan Crua" the group Sumo.
• The events of the first Jacobite rebellion are recounted in the song "Eleventh Earl of Mar" of the group Genesis album for their Wind and Wuthering.
• In the adventure of Doctor Who entitled Terror of the Zygon, the Fourth Doctor (played by Tom Baker ) eats its oatcakes with just a pinch of salt, which he says he got a taste during the Jacobite rebellions.

References

1. http://books.google.fr/books?id=WlnNUCS4R_MC&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0 # PPA9, M1
2. http://books.google.fr/books?id=WlnNUCS4R_MC&pg=PA1&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0 # PPA10, M1

Notes

Related articles

• Military History of Scotland
• Jacobitism

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