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Languages By Family
Definition
A language family is a group of languages descended from a common ancestor-language (called protolanguage).
The ranking combines traditional below the logic "family" with a geographical classification (eg for Caucasian languages or Castilian). Furthermore:
- Languages can not be grouped with other isolates are called;
- Creoles, pidgins and artificial languages, despite their often dazzling descent List of languages
This is a list of languages, natural or built , living or dead , arranged by families and groups. The concept of genetic family of languages is described in more detail in the article on the comparative linguistics.
Attempts by some linguists , common since the second half of the twentieth century, proposing to collect certain language families in great language families (eg consider the languages Altaic and Uralic are part of a family called " Ural- Altaic ") have not yielded conclusive results so far, only the super families whose recognition is the subject of broad consensus, such as Indo-European languages (which have been highlighted in the nineteenth century ) or the Austronesian languages are listed.
To quickly find a language from this list, press Ctrl + F (or Edit> Find in the toolbar of your browser), type the name of the language you want.
Short list
The super-family of languages.
- Dravidian languages
- Indo-European
- Hamito-Semitic
- Nilo-Saharan languages
- Niger-Congo languages
- Khoisan languages
- Caucasian languages (a group non-genetic):
- South Caucasian languages or languages Kartvelian
- Caucasian languages North-West or Abkhaz-language adygiennes
- Caucasian languages North-East or languages nakho-daghestaniennes
- Uralic languages
- Languages ienisseennes
- Languages Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Altaic languages
- Japanese Language
- Sino-Tibetan languages
- Tai-Kadai languages
- Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao or)
- Languages Austroasiatic
- Austronesian languages
- Papuan languages
- Eskimo-Aleut languages
- Na-Dene languages
- Australian Aboriginal languages
- Amerindian languages
The following groups are classified separately:
List
This list is not exhaustive.
Dravidian Languages
These are Indian languages other than original Indo-European.
North Dravidian
- Brahui (Brahui) kumarbhag Paharia , Kurukh , Kurukh Nepali , Sauria Paharia
Central Dravidian
- kolam-Naik : kolam northwest , southeast kolam
- parj-Gadaba : Gadaba mudhili , Gadaba pottangi ollar , duruwa
South-Central Dravidian
- Gond-Kui :
- hinges : hinges northern , southern hinges , khirwar , maria , maria dandam , is muriatic , muriatic west , far west muriatic , nagarchal , Pardhan
- Konda-Kui :
- Konda : Konda-dora
- Manda-kui :
- Telugu : Chenchu , manna-dora , Savara , Telugu , waddar
Southern Dravidian
- Kannada-molded (non-existent page) "> Tamil-Kannada:
- Kannada : Badaga , holiya , Kannada , ural
- Tamil-Kodagu :
- Kodagu : Kodagu , Kurumba , Mullu Kurumba , Alu kurumban , Kurumba jennu
- Tamil-Malayalam :
- Toda-Kota : Kota , Toda
- Tulu (Tulu)
- Tulu (Tulu), Bellari , kudiya
- koraga : koraga korra , koraga Mudu
- Other: ullatan
Isolates
- Allar , bazigar , Bharier , kamar , kanikkaran , kurichiya , malankuravan , vishavan
Indo-European Languages
The Indo-European languages are the most common. They are spoken in Europe , in Northeast Asia ( Russia ) in Iran in Armenia , in Afghanistan , in Tajikistan , to Pakistan and in many regions of India and in America , Africa and Oceania following the colonization.
Languages Thracian-Illyrian (paleo-Balkan)
Regoupement this is hypothetical and includes a vast array of ancient languages spoken in the Balkans and surrounding regions. Some linguists to relate the Albanians , the only living language that would end the group. Several languages classified as Thracian-Illyrian previously have been reclassified in other families.
Languages Tokharian
- Tocharian A (agnen), Tocharian B (Kuchean), Tocharian C (krorainien)
Languages Anatolian
- Hittite (nsique, or nsite hittite-nsite/nsique)
- Other: Palaic , Carian , Pisidians , sidetable , Lydian
Indo-Iranian languages
- Indo-Aryan (language indicated):
- Sanskrit (Indo-old):
- Prakrit (Indian middle):
- Languages dardiques
- darnel , domaaki , Gawar-built , kalasha , Kashmiri , katarqalai (wotapuri) Khowar , Kohistan Kalam (Kalam), Indus Kohistan (Maya) ningalami , Pashai , phalura , SAWI , shumashti
- Shina , brokskat
- Languages Nuristan
- Romani (Gypsy)
- Sanskrit (Indo-old):
Armenian
- Grabar (Classical Armenian or Armenian former)
- Armenian average
- Eastern Armenian
- Western Armenian
- hamsheneren , hamshenli (a dialect of the region Hamshen currently in northeastern Turkey, near the town of Trabzon)
Hellenic languages
- Arcado-Cypriot :
- Ionic-Attic :
- Attic (ancient Greek)
- Koine (common Greek way)
- Modern Greek , yvanique (Judeo-Greek), Greek Cypriot
- Greek Pontic , Cappadocian , Romano-Greek
- Koine (common Greek way)
- Ionian
- Attic (ancient Greek)
- Wind : Boeotian , lesbian , Thessalian
- Western Greek language :
- Dorian : Argive , Corinthian , Laconian
- Eleans , Aetolian , locrian , Phocidians
Albanian
Languages italics
Some linguists link the Venetian this group.
- Sabellic languages (Osco-Umbrian): Oscan , Samnite , Marsian , Marrucini , Peligni , vestinien , Sabine , eque , Volscian , Umbrian , South picena
- Latin languages Faliscans :
- Faliscan
- Latin : see Romance languages for a list of languages descended from Latin.
Romance languages
- group Ibero-Romance
- Navarro-Aragonese
- asturolonais
- Castilian (Spanish fluent French)
- Europe
- Andalusian
- Aragon (Castilian dialect of Aragon)
- churro
- Extremadurato (Castilian dialect of Extremadura)
- Manchego
- Murcia and Panocho
- Riojan (Castilian dialect of La Rioja)
- Africa
- South America and Central America
- Castilian Chilean
- Mexican Castilian
- Castilian Peru
- Castilian rioplatense (Argentina and Uruguay)
- costeol (North Coast of Colombia)
- Europe
- Galaico-Portuguese
- Judeo-Spanish and Ladino
- Llanito
- Mozarabic
- Occitano novel group-
- Catalan
- Occitan or langue d'oc
- Auvergne
- Gascon
- Limousin
- Vivaro-Alpine (or Gavot)
- Gardiol (Vivaro-Alpine Calabria)
- Languedoc
- Low Vivarois
- High Auvergne (or carladzois)
- Rouergue
- Marche (intermediate dialects of Occitan crescent)
- Provencal
- Francoprovenal (Arpitan)
- Bressan Francoprovenal
- Dauphinois
- faetar (Faeto, Celle San Vito)
- Fribourg
- Jura
- Geneva (language)
- Neuchtel
- Savoyard
- Valais
- Aosta
- Vaud
- Forez
- Lyon talk
- Gallo-Roman group
- French
- Africa
- North America ( French American )
- Acadian French
- Cajun French (or Cajun)
- chiac (Anglo-French New Brunswick)
- Franco-Manitoban
- Franco-Ontarian
- Quebec French
- Newfoundland French
- Antilles and Guyana
- French Antilles-Guyane (Lesser Antilles, Haiti and Guyana)
- Asia
- Europe ( European French )
- Judeo-French
- French Alsace
- Belgian French
- bordeluche (French Bordeaux)
- French Corsica
- French in France
- French in Jersey
- Lyon talk
- French in Luxembourg
- talk Marseille
- francitan (French Occitan)
- talk Sarthe
- speaking Savoyard
- gaga talk (talk Etienne)
- French Swiss and French Federal
- Touraine (Touraine)
- Francophonie en Valle d'Aoste
- Middle East
- Oceania
- Other Languages d'oil
- Is
- North
- North East
- Northwest
- Central West ( parlanjhe )
- Center
- Central East
- French
- group Rhaeto-Romanic
- group Italo-Romance
- Italian (standard language, based on Tuscan and created by Dante. The Corsican is a dialect of Tuscan with marked local peculiarities, the cismontano and oltramontano, as well as two dialects of northern Sardinia.
- Gallo-Italian dialects
- Tuscan dialect
- central-southern dialects
- Calabrese southern (very close to the Sicilian , north of Calabria speaking lucan as in northern Puglia)
- Salento
- Sicilian
- Sardinian
- campidanien
- gallurien and sassarien which are actually dialects of Corsican so Tuscan , but often classified with the Sardinian
- logoudorien
- logoudorien North
- logoudorien Southwest
- Nuori
- illyro novel group-
- Group Romanian
- Daco-Romanian ( Romanian )
- istrio-Romanian or Romanian-Istro
- Aromanian or Macedo-Romanian, Vlach
- Megleno-Romanian
Celtic languages
- Continental Celtic languages : Celtiberian , Gaulish , Galatian , Lepontic
- Insular Celtic languages :
- Gaelic language : Scottish (strap), Irish , Middle Irish , Old Irish , Manx (Manx)
- Brythonic languages : Breton , Cornish , Welsh , Cambrian
Germanic languages
- East Germanic languages :
- Burgundian , Suevian , Vandal , Gothic , Gothic Crimean
- West Germanic languages :
- Anglo-Frisian :
- English : Old English , Middle English , Early Modern English , English , Scots
- Frisian : West Frisian , East Frisian , / Wiki / Frison_septentrional "alt =" North Frisian "> Frisian
- Germany and the Netherlands :
- Low German :
- Low Franconian :
- Afrikaans
- Netherlands : Limburg , Lower Rhine , Brabant , West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish France , Holland , Zealand
- Low Saxon : Low Saxon north , estphalien , Westphalian
- East Low German : Mecklenburg-Pomerania , Brandenburg , Pomerania average , East Pomeranian , low-Prussian
- Low Franconian :
- High German :
- Middle German :
- West Middle German :
- East Middle German : High-Saxon , Thuringian , Saxon High North , Silesian , Lausitzisch-Neumrkisch Balto-Slavic Languages
This consolidation is not unanimous, some linguists regard to the Baltic and Slavic languages as two distinct language families.
- Baltic languages :
- Western Baltic languages : galindien , nadruvien , sudovien (yotvingien), Old Prussian , Curonian
- East Baltic languages :
- Latvian : Livonian , Latgalian (top Latvian), Latvian Western
- Lithuanian : auktaitien , Samogitian
- Other: smigalien , Selonians , skalvien
- Slavic languages :
- West Slavic languages :
- Czech-Slovak : Slovak , Czech , knaanique (Judeo-Czech)
- lchitique : Kashubian , Polish , POLAB , Slovincian
- Sorbian : Upper Sorbian , Lower Sorbian
- South Slavic Languages :
- Eastern branch : Bulgarian , Macedonian , Old Church Slavonic
- Western branch : Bosniac (Bosnian), Croatian , Slovenian , Serbian , Montenegrin
- East Slavic languages : Russian , Belarusian , Rusyn , Rusyn ( language ausbau ), Ukraine
- West Slavic languages :
Languages Hamito-Semitic
Hamito-Semitic languages (also called are spoken in Africa and the Saharan north and the Middle East and the Middle East.
Berber languages (Tamazight)
- Chaoui (tachawit)
- Chenoui (tacenwit)
- chleuh (tachelhit)
- Kabyle (taqbaylit)
- Judeo-Berber
- Mozabite (tumzabt)
- Rif (rate)
- Tuareg
- Tamasheq
- Tamahaq
- Tamajaq
- Zayane (Tamazight), also called Braber
The tsiwit talked to Siwa
Chadic Languages
Egyptian Group (off)
- Ancient Egyptian
- Coptic
- Bohairic (still in use as a liturgical language )
- Sahidic
- Coptic
Cushitic languages
Languages Omotic
The positioning of these languages is discussed. They are seen either as a sixth branch of Afro-Asiatic languages, either as the western group of Cushitic languages.
Semitic languages
- North East
- Sureth
- Akkadian (off)
- Assyrian (off)
- Babylonian (off)
- blate (off)
- Northwest
- South
- Arabic itself or North Arabian:
- South Arabian: the origin of the Semitic languages of the Horn of Africa
- Epigraphic South Arabian (off)
- six languages Yemen endangered
- Ethio-Semitic languages of Ethiopia and Eritrea
Nilo-Saharan languages
They are spoken in Africa Sub-Saharan Africa: in Chad , the Sudan , in Niger , in northern Cameroon in Central African Republic , in Ghana , in Kenya , in Ethiopia and Tanzania.
- Central Sudanic languages
- surmiques languages : Mursi
- Komane languages : komo , opo , kwame , Uduk , gule
- kuliak languages: ik
- berta
- Mabane languages: Masalit
- languages as: As
- Eastern Sudanic languages:
- Nilotic languages : Dinka, Nuer, Shilluk , Turkana , Karimojong , Maasai , ongamo , Teso
- Nubian languages
- Songhai languages
Niger-Congo languages
Group Bantoid
Group gur / voltaic
Languages kwa
Languages mended
Languages Atlantic and West Atlantic
Languages Adamawa-Oubanguian
Kordofanian Languages
Other
Languages Khoisan
They are spoken in Africa, Southern Africa, especially by the Bushmen and Khoikhoi.
Caucasian languages
Main article: Caucasian Languages.The Caucasus is an area of great linguistic diversity, and the home of three independent families of languages not represented elsewhere and called Caucasian languages in the strict sense. This designation does not imply genetic relatedness. Moreover, Indo-European and Altaic are also spoken in the Caucasus.
Languages Kartvelian or South Caucasian
Languages Abkhaz-adygiennes or Caucasian Northwest
- group Abkhaz-Abaza
- group Ubykh
- group Circassian
Languages nakho daghestaniennes- Caucasian or North-East
- group nakh
- group avaro-andi
- group Tsez
- group Lezgin
Uralic languages
They are spoken in Europe and North Asia.
Finno-Ugric languages
- Finnic languages
- Sami (Lapp)
- Mordvin languages
- husband (Tcheremisses)
- Permian languages
- Ugric languages
Eg Hungarian , Finnish , Estonian
Languages Samoyed
Languages ienisseennes
They were spoken in eastern Siberia. Still remains the single ket.
Languages Chukotko-Kamchatkan
They are spoken in the north-eastern Siberia and in the peninsula of Kamchatka in far eastern Russia.
Altaic Languages
They comprise a total of 558 million people worldwide and are mainly spoken in the Near and Middle East , in Central Asia and Eastern and Northern. Some linguists dispute whether a genetic group. Since the 1960s, researchers generally relate to the Korean and Japanese language - and secondly because of the greater simplicity of Japanese - a fact that has received an explanation in 2008 .
Korean Language
Mongolian Language
- Buryat
- Kalmuck
- Mongolian (Khalkha)
- Mongolian China
- Oirat
- Dongxiang
- monguor
- Bao'an or Bonan
- kangjia
- shira yogur
- Daur or Dagur
- khamnigan
- xorein
Languages Tungus
Turkish Languages
- Altay
- Asian Avar (extinct)
- Azeri
- Bashkir
- Dolgan
- Gagauz
- Hun (off)
- Qashqai
- Karakalpak
- Karachay-Balkar
- Karaites
- kazakh
- Khakass
- Khaladj
- Khazar (extinct)
- Kirghiz
- Kumyks
- krymchak
- Nogai
- Uighur
- Uzbek
- Proto-Bulgarian (off)
- salar
- sary-Yugur
- chor
- Tatar
- Crimean Tatar
- touvain
- Chuvash
- Turkish
- turk Khorassan
- Turkmen
- Turkish-old or old-Uighur (off)
- Yakut
Japanese Language
Spoken in the Japanese archipelago and the Ryukyu Islands. Some linguists approach the Altaic languages.
- Japanese
- many dialects
- Ryukyuan languages
- subgroup Amami-Okinawa
- North
- South
- subgroup Sakishima
- subgroup Amami-Okinawa
Sino-Tibetan Languages
They are mainly spoken in East Asia and Southeast. According to the linguist Joseph Greenberg and Merritt Ruhlen , they are the group of languages spoken by the largest number of speakers within the macro-language family of Dene-Caucasian languages. The term "Sino-Tibetan languages" is controversial. The origin of the Tibetan script was in Songtsen Gampo (born circa 609 - 613 ~ d. 650 ) who was the 33rd king of Tibet. Songtsen Gampo sent to India for Tibetans to study the Sanskrit. Minister Thonmi Sambhota created the Tibetan script from the Indian alphabet Devanagari.
Chinese Languages
- Old Chinese
- Middle Chinese and classical Chinese
- Cantonese - Ping
- Mandarin
- Mandarin southwest region in ex- tai and Tibetan
- Mandarin North-East in Manchuria (regions ex-Tungus)
- Pekingese , Putonghua , Guoyu , Huayu : Standard Mandarin
- Jilu of Hebei
- Jiaoliao (Manchurian border)
- Zhongyuan of Henan , Shaanxi and Lanzhou (Southern Yellow River and the Tarim Basin
- Lanyin : Gansu and Uighur country
- Jianghuai : north eastern Yangtze
- Jin : very distinct dialect, on the bend of the Yellow River
- gan
- Hakka
- min
- wu
- xiang
- Yi
- Middle Chinese and classical Chinese
- to classify:
languages Tibeto-Burman
- group Bodique
- Group Karen
- group Kiranti
- group Lolo-Burmese
- Meitei
- Naxi
- Newar
- Qiangic
- Group sal
- trong
- Tujia
- bai
- affordable-miri-Dafla
- Mizo-kuki-chin
Tai-Kadai Languages
They are spoken mainly in Southeast Asia.
Hmong-Mien languages
Also known as Miao-yao, which are spoken mainly in Southeast Asia. There are three distinct groups:
- Hmong (Miao), the largest
- Language group Patenga
- Hmong language group plants
- Hmong North (West Hunan)
- Western Hmong language group
- Language groups in Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou
- White Hmong (Hmong daw, Phetchabun)
- Suyong
- njua Hmong (Hmong blue)
- chuan
- Huajie
- Language group of eastern Guizhou
- mine (Yao)
- nte ho (she)
Languages Austroasiatic
They are spoken mainly in Southeast Asia.
Languages asliennes
These are the languages spoken by some of the people indigenous to the Malay Peninsula , officially known as Orang Asli ("people of origins" in Malay.
Mon-Khmer languages
Languages Munda
Austronesian languages
They are spoken in Taiwan , in Southeast Asia in the Pacific Ocean and the western Indian Ocean.
Formosan Languages
These are the languages of the aborigines of Taiwan.
- Bunun
- yami
- Atayal language , including the Atayal and seediq or Taroko
- Friends
- basay
- Kavalan
- Siraya
- Paiwan
- papora
- pazeh
- Saisiyat
- Puyuma
- Rukai
- tsouiques languages : the Tsou , the saaroa the kanakanabu
- babuza
- thao
- ketangalan
Austronesian languages
- Western Malayo-Polynesian
- Malayo-Polynesian Central-Eastern (Malayo-Polynesian Central and Eastern)
- Malayo-Polynesian Central
- Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
- languages of Halmahera -South and New Guinea Western
- buli
- giman
- Maba
- makiam Dalam
- Marau
- Patani
- Weda
- Oceanic languages
- Oceanic languages of New Guinea and North Western and Melanesian languages Meso-
- Eastern Oceanic languages (areas further east as New Guinea and Solomon Islands ), which include all the languages of Vanuatu , from New Caledonia , of Rotuma from Fiji , from Micronesia and Polynesia , in all 234 languages
- languages of Halmahera -South and New Guinea Western
Papuan Languages
These languages are very numerous, are spoken in New Guinea and nearby islands.
Languages angan
- Simbara
- Baruya
- Ampal
- Kawacha
- Kamasa
- Yagwoia
- Ankave
- Ivori
- Lohiki
- Menya
- Kapau
- Angaataha
Languages Asmat
- Iria-asienara
- Kamoro
- Sempan
- Asmat
Languages binandrennes
Languages Chimbu
Languages dani
- Grand Valley Dani
- Western dani
- North ngalik (or Yaly)
- South ngalik
- Nduga
- Wano
Languages eleman
- Toaripi
- Uraipi
- Opao
- Keuru
- Orokolo
Languages Engan
- Enga
- Nete
- Iniai
- Ipili
- Huli
- Mendi
- Kewa
- Sau
Languages goilananes
- Weri
- Biang
- Kunimaipa
- Tauade
- Fuyuge
Languages Kainantu-gorokanes
- Languages gorokanes
- Languages Kainantu
Languages kiwaianes
- Southern hardy kiwi
- Wabudu
- Bamu
- Morigi
- Kerewo
- Northeastern Kiwai
- Arigibi
iarianes & action = edit & RedLINK = 1 "class =" new "title =" koiarianes Languages (non-existent page) "> Language koiarianes
- Koita
- Koiari
- Mountain koiari
- Barai
- Omie
- Managalasi
Languages lower Sepik
- Yimas
- Karawari
- Angoram
- Chambri
- Murik
- Kopar
Languages Marind
- Boaz
- Zimakani
- Marind
- Bian
- Yaqay
- Warka
Languages ndu
- Abelam
- Boikene
- Iatmul
- Manambu
- Sawos
- Kaunga
- Ngala
Languages ok-awyu
- Languages awyu
- Sawuy
- Siyagha-yenimu
- Pisa
- AgHU
- Airo-sumagaxe
- Wambon
- Kaeti
- Wangom
- Kotogt
- Languages ok
- Lowland group
- Southern kati
- Northern kati
- Yongom
- Iwur
- Ningirum
- Group of mountains
- Telefol
- Tifal
- Kauwol
- Faiwol
- Setaman
- Bimini
- Mianmin
- Warabi
- Ngalum
- Lowland group
Languages Sentani
- Sentani
- Nafri
- Tanh merah
Languages sko
- Sko
- Sangke
- Wutung
- Vanimo
- Krisa
- Rawo
- Puar
- Warapu
Languages suki-gogodala
- Suki
- Gogodala
Languages torricelli
- One
- Olo
- In
- Yil
- Valman
- Kombio
- Arapesh mountains
- Arapaesh South
- Kamasau
- Monumbo
Languages Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga
Eskimo-Aleut languages or Eskaleut
They are spoken in regions Arctic of North America.
Na-Dene Languages
Amerindian language families and isolates in North America They are spoken in North America.
Languages Uto-Aztecan
They are spoken in the western United States and Mexico.
- Groups of languages Uto-Aztec North
- Branch languages numiques
- Tubatulabal
- Branch languages takiques
- Hopi
- Group of languages Uto-Aztecan Southern
- Branch languages pimiques
- O'odham or Papago, Papago-Pima
- Pima Bajo
- Tepehuanes North
- Tepehuanes South
- Branch taracahitique
- Tarahumara
- Mayo
- Yaqui
- Opata ( dead language )
- Eudeve ( dead language )
- Branch corachol
- Nahuatl
- Branch languages pimiques
Kiowa-Tanoan Languages
They are spoken in the Southwest United States , including people pueblos. One hypothesis links them to the Uto-Aztec language.
Languages Algic
They are spoken in North America.
- Wiyot
- Yurok
- Algonquian languages :
- Abenaki East
- Abenaki West
- arapaho
- Atsina
- Blackfoot
- cheyenne
- cry ( Naskapi , Innu , Atikamekw )
- Delaware (Lenape)
- Etchemin
- Mesquakie or fox
- Nipmuck or wolf
- Wolf B
- Mahican ( Mohawk )
- Maliseet-Passamaquoddy
- Massachusetts
- Menominee
- micmac
- Miami-Illinois
- Mohegan - Pequot ( Mohawk )
- Nanticoke
- Narragansett
- Ojibwa ( Chippewa , Ottawa , Algonquin )
- Pamlico
- Potawatomi
- Powhatan
- quiripi - Naugatuck - unquachog
- Shawnee
- Shinnecock
The Yurok and Wiyot are sometimes gathered in a group ritwain. This assumption is challenged.
Caddoan Languages
They are spoken in North America.
Siouan Languages
They are spoken in North America.
- Siouan languages
- Biloxi
- OFO
- Tutelo
- moniton , occaneechi , saponification
- Iowa-oto or Chiwere
- Winnebago
- Dhegiha : Kanza , Osage , Omaha-Ponca , Quapaw
- Dakota : Lakota , Santee-Sisseton , Yankton, Yankton , Assiniboine , Stoney
- Crow
- Hidatsa
- Mandan
- Catawba language
Iroquoian Languages
They are spoken in North America.
- Iroquoian language group of North
- Branch of the languages of the Five Nations : Mohawk , Oneida
- Branches of Virginia Languages: Tuscarora , Nottoway , meherrin (not sure)
- Laurentian
- Branch Huron-Wyandot: Huron , Wyandot
- Group of Iroquoian South Cherokee
Languages Hokan
Membership of different families of languages Hokan group is not fully proven.
Languages shastanes
Yana
Languages tequistlatques
- Chontal Oaxaca : two dialects: northern and southern
Karuk
- Karuk (Karoke)
Chimariko
Languages pomo
- Group pomo West
- Kashaya (Southwestern Pomo)
- Southern Pomo
- Central Pomo
- Northern Pomo
- Eastern Pomo
- Southeast Pomo
Washo
Esselen
Salinan
Languages Chumash
- Chumash obispeo
- Chumash purisimeo
- Chumash yneseo
- Chumash barbareo
- Chumash ventureo
- Chumas emigdiano
- Island Chumash
Languages Yuman
Languages oto-mango
Languages ear, mangoes
- Popolocas languages :
- Mazatec :
- Mazatlan
- of Huautla
- of Ayautla
- of Eloxochitln
- of Ixcatln
- Jalapa Mazatec
- Mazatec of Chiquihuitlan
- of Soyaltepec
- Ixcatque
- Chocho
- Popolocas
- of Mezontla
- of Coyotepec
- Santa Ins Ahuatempan
- San Marcos Tlalcoyalco
- San Juan Atzingo
- San Felipe Otlaltepec
- San Luis Temalacayuca
- Mazatec :
- Zapotec languages :
- Chatino :
- the Zona Alta Occidental
- of Lacaho-Yolotepec
- the Zona Alta Oriental
- of Zacatepec
- of Zenzontepec
- Papabuco
- Soltque
- Zapotec
- of Aloapam
- of Amatlan
- Asuncion Mixtepec
- of Ayoquesco
- of Cajonos
- of Chichicapan
- of Choapan
- of Coatecas
- of Coatlan
- El Alto
- of Elotepec
- Gueva of Humboldt
- of Gila
- the Isthmus
- of Lachiguiri
- of Lachirioag
- of Lachixio
- Loxicha
- of Mazaltepec
- of Miahuatln
- Mitla
- of Mixtepec
- of Ocotlan
- of Ozoltepec
- of Petapa
- of Quiavicuzas
- of Quioquitani Quiers
- Rincon
- San Augustine
- of San Baltazar Loxicha
- San Juan Guelivia
- San Pedro Quiatoni
- San Vicente Coatlan
- Santa Catarina Albarrada
- Santa Ins Yatzechi
- of Quiegolani
- Santiago Lapaguia
- Santiago Xanica
- San Domingo Albarrada
- of the Sierra Juarez
- southern dialect of Ixtlan
- dialect of southern Rincon
- Taba
- of Tejalapan
- of Texmelucan
- of Tilquiapan
- of Tlacolulita
- of Tomachapan
- of Xadani
- of Xanaguia
- of Yalalag
- Yaren
- Yate
- of Yatzachi
- Yautepec
- of Zaachila
- of Zaniza
- of Zoogocho
- Chatino :
- Amuzgo :
- North
- South
- Oaxaca
- of Ipalapa
- Mixtec Languages :
- Mixtec :
- of Alacatlatzala
- of Alcozauca
- of Amoltepec
- of Apasco-ApoAI
- of Atatlahuca
- Ayutla
- of Cacaloxtepec
- of Chayuco
- of Chazumba
- of Chigmecatitlan
- of Coatzospan
- of Cuyamecalco
- of Diuxi-Tilantongo
- HUITEPEC
- of Itundujia
- of Ixtayutla
- of Jamiltepec
- Juxtlahuaca
- Magdalena Peasco
- of Metlatonoc
- of Mitlatongo
- of Mixtepec
- Northern Tlaxiaco
- northwest of Oaxaca
- of Ocotepec
- West Juxtlahuaca
- Peoles
- of Pinotepa Nacional
- San Juan Colorado
- San Juan Teit
- San Miguel el Grande
- San Miguel Piedras
- Santa Lucia Monteverde
- Santa Maria Zacatepec
- of Salacayoapan
- of Sindihui
- of Sinicahua
- Southern Nochixtlan
- Southern Puebla
- Southern Tlaxiaco
- of Soyaltepec
- of Tacahua
- of Tamazola
- Mixtec of Tezoatln
- Tida
- of Tijaltepec
- of Tlazoyaltepec
- of Tututepec
- of Yoloxochitl
- of Yosondua
- of Yucuae
- of Yutanduchi
- Cuicatque
- Tric :
- San Juan Copala
- the Media
- the Alta
- the Baja
- Mixtec :
Mango Languages oto-west
- Oto-Pames languages :
- Otomi :
- Otomi of the Sierra
- Valley Mezquital
- State of Mexico
- Tlaxcala
- of Texcatepec
- Queretaro
- Tenango
- Tilapia
- of Temoaya
- Mazahua :
- State of Mexico
- Michoacan
- Ocuiltec
- Matlazinca
- Pame :
- North
- center
- Chichimeca-Jonaz
- Otomi :
- Chinanteco :
- of Chiltepec
- Comaltepec Chinanteco of
- by Lalana
- of Lealao
- of Ojitlan
- of Ozumacin
- of Palantla
- of Quiotepec
- of Sochiapan
- of Tepetolutla
- of Tepinapa
- of Tlacoatzintepec
- of Usila
- Valle Nacional
- Tlapanecs languages (sometimes classified as Hokan languages):
- Mango Languages:
Languages Totonac
(Sometimes related to Mayan languages)
- Totonac:
- of Coyutla
- Mata-Cohuitlan
- Highlands
- of Ozumatlan
- Papantla
- Necaxa
- of Xicotepec
- Misantla
- Tepehua:
- of Huehuetla
- of Pisaflores
- of Tlachichilco
Mayan languages
- Huaxteca languages:
- Huaxtec :
- San Luis Potosi
- Veracruz
- southeast
- Chicomuceltque (off)
- Huaxtec :
- Mayan languages :
- Chol language:
- Tzeltal language:
- Chuj languages:
- languages Kanjobal
- Mam language
- Aquacatque
- Ixil :
- of Nebaj
- Chajul
- San Juan Cotzal
- Mam :
- North
- South
- center
- of Tajumulco
- Todos Santos Cuchumatan
- Tacanque
- Tektitque
- Kekchi (Q'eqchi ')
- Carchi
- of Cahabon
- of Chamelco
- Pocomam :
- Central
- South
- East
- Pocomchi :
- East
- Western
- Kish languages:
- Kaqchikel :
- of Akatenango
- cenral
- East
- Western
- North
- Santa Maria Jesus
- South Central
- South
- of Yepocapa
- K'iche ' :
- Central
- Cunene
- East
- of Joyabaj
- San Andres
- Western
- Achi 'of Cubulco
- Achi 'Rabinal
- Tz'utujil :
- Western
- East
- Sacapultque
- Sipakapense
- Uspantque
- Kaqchikel :
- Yucatec languages:
Languages Penutian
Membership of different families of languages Penutian group is not fully proven.
Languages wintuanes
Languages maiduanes
Languages Miwok
- Eastern Miwok group
- Sierra Miwok
- Plains Miwok
- Saclan or Bay Miwok
- Western Miwok group
- Coast Miwok
- Bodega Miwok
- Marin Miwok
- Lake Miwok
- Coast Miwok
Languages costanoanes
- Group costanoan South
- Group costanoan North
- Karkin
Languages Yokuts
Oregon Penutian Languages
- Takelma
- Languages kalapuyanes
- Group of the Oregon coast
Plateau Penutian Languages
Tsimshian
Wakashan Languages
Salish Languages
Languages barbacoanes
Guambiano , totoro , Awa Pit , tsafiqui , Cayapa
Tupi Languages
They are spoken in South America in the Amazon and collect ten families of languages.
Tupi-Guarani languages
Languages Munduruku
Languages Maw
Languages Juruna
Languages Awet
Languages hulled
Languages ramarama
Languages arikm
Languages purubor
Languages Tupari
Others, to be classified:
Languages arawanas
Languages arawakiennes
- Arawak northern languages: apurinic , Iapari , Tariana , Piapoco , Achagua , Yucun , Baniwa of ICAN
- Southern Arawak languages: machinery , Baure , trinitario , Ignaciano
Languages pano-tacananes
Languages Panoan
- Amahuaca , capanahua , cashibo , Cashinahua , chaninahua , apano , marinahua , Matss or mayoruna, Chacobo , Shipibo-Conibo
Languages tacananes
Languages tucanoanes
Languages Yanomami
Languages waykuruanes
Languages witotoanes
Pidgin and Creole
- based lexical German
- based lexical English
- Bislama
- Hawaiian Creole
- Jamaican Creole
- Gullah
- Kriol of Belize
- Kriol of Australia ( Australian Creole )
- Ndjuka
- Pijin of Solomon Islands
- pitcairn
- Saramaccan
- Sranan (Suriname Creole)
- Tok Pisin
- based lexical Spanish
- Chavacano
- palenquero
- Papiamento (classification not consensual)
- Chamorro (classification not consensual)
- French-based lexical
- French Creoles of America
- with AD as a brand of progressive aspect
- with ka as a mark of progressive aspect
- Creole French Indian Ocean
- French Creoles of the Pacific Ocean
- French Creoles of America
- based lexical malaise
- Portuguese-based lexical
- Creole of Guinea-Bissau
- Creole of Cape Verde (kriolu, Kriol)
- AF Ambo
- Papiamento (classification not consensual)
- Other
- Chinook
- Area South East Asia , Oceania , Pacific
- russenorsk
Other languages, language families and isolates not classified
- Asian languages: Ainu , Burushaski , Korean , Nivkh , Yukagir
- European languages:
- Papuan languages and Australian languages: taiap
- Isolated languages of North America: coahuilteco , Natchez , atakapa , Chitimacha , Tunica , Haida
- Isolated languages of Central America: Tarascan
- Isolated languages of South America: Pirah , Trumai , Ticuna ,
- Extinct ancient languages: Meroitic , Sumerian , Hurrian , Elamite , Hatt , Etruscan , Iberian , Pictish
- mekejir
- Nahali
- Biral
- Jalaa
- Laal
Sign languages
These are languages specific to deaf and hard of hearing, the iconic structure and spatially distinct from spoken languages on the grammatical level.
- American Sign Language
- British Sign Language
- Spanish Sign Language
- French Sign Language
- Sign Language
- Nicaraguan Sign Language
- Gestuno or International Sign Language, sign language international auxiliary ).
Languages constructed (or artificial)
International auxiliary language
- Esperanto : built by Ludwik Zamenhof Lejzer , the only currently used widely
- changes in Esperanto or " esprantides " Ido , mondlango ...
- solresol : built by Franois Sudre
- universalglot , built by John Pirro
- Volapk : built by Johann Martin Schleyer
- Idiom Neutral : built by Waldemar Rosenberger
- Latino sine flexure : built by Giuseppe Peano , Latin declension changed without
- Novial : built by Otto Jespersen
- Basic English : built by Charles Kay Ogden , a form of simplified English vocabulary
- Glosa : built by Lancelot Hogben
- Interlingua : built by the International Auxiliary Language Association
- lingual or Western: built by Edgar de Wahl
- Kotava : built by Staren Fetcey
- lingua sistemfrater : built by Pham Xuan Thai
- Europo : built by Robert Dun
- Uropi : built by Jol Landais
Languages imaginary
- languages of Middle-earth , created by author JRR Tolkien
- Newspeak created by George Orwell in the novel 1984
- great-ape language , created by writer Edgar Rice Burroughs for his novel cycle Tarzan
- Klingon , the language of the fictional universe Star Trek
- Zorglangue in the series of comic Spirou et Fantasio ; principle is to speak in French, keeping the order of words in the sentence but by reading and writing backwards. The name comes from its inventor, scientist Zorglub.
- language smurf in the series of comic Smurfs of Peyo , based on the principle of replacing a word with the word "smurf".
See also
Related articles
External Links
- Mapping of language families (English texts)
- http://www.ciep.fr/reform/genetique/
- Encyclopedia digital language program Sorosoro
Notes
- The Esperanto, its vocabulary, grammar and phonology has all the characteristics of an Indo-European language in its own right. Moreover, a strictly genealogical perspective, it is difficult not to derive from the French "Creole French lexical database" that almost no words to borrow from other languages that the variety of French spoken in time of their creation, all the building blocks of grammar 'are borrowed from the same variety and are intercomprehensible Indian Ocean to nearly all the Caribbean (with the notable exception of the talk of Cap-Haitien).
- Ludwig Erich Schmitt (Hrsg.): Germanischer Dialektologie. Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1968, p. 143
- Telling general linguists about Altaic , Journal of Linguistics (1999), 35: 65-98 Cambridge University Press
- Stratification In The peopling of China: How Far Does The linguistic evidence match genetics and archeology? In; Sanchez-Mazas, Blench, Ross, & Lin Pejros eds. Human migrations in continental East Asia and Taiwan: genetic, linguistic and archaeological evidence. 2008. Taylor & Francis
- Swadesh 100 on Japanese, Korean and Altaic Robbets by Martine, University of Tokyo
- (en) If japanese IS altaica, how can it be so simple? by Martine Robbets, University of Tokyo
- Baltic languages :
- Middle German :
- Low German :
- Anglo-Frisian :
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