Republic of Liberia (in)
Republic of Liberia (en)
( Flag of Liberia ) ( Coat of arms (heraldry) )
Motto : The Love of Liberty Brought Us Here (This is where we brought the love of freedom)
Official language	English
Capital	Monrovia 6 19 'N 10 48' W
Largest city	Monrovia
Form of State	Republic
- President of the Republic	Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Area - Total - Water (%)	Ranked 102 th 111 370 km 2 1%
Population - Total ( 2008 ) - Density	Ranked 129 th 3,334,587 inhab. 26.3 inhabitants / km 2
Independence - Date	of U.S. 26 July 1847
Demonym	Liberian
HDI ( 2007 )	0.442 (low) ( 169 )
Currency	Dollar Liberia ( LRD )
Time Zone	UTC 0
National anthem	All Hail, Liberia Hail
Internet domain	. Lr
Indicative Telephone	+231

Liberia and the Liberia ^History

In 1822 , Liberia was founded by an American company of colonization ( The National Colonization Society of America , "the national society of colonial America), to install slaves freed blacks. This is the beginning of a malaise among the Americo-Liberians and the population Aboriginal.

26 July 1847 , Liberia became an independent republic. The suffrage allows the Americo-Liberian elite and the party True Whig to retain power for a century.

On 14 August 1917 , Liberia declared war on Germany.

In 1931 , the League of Nations (SDN) condemns the conditions of forced labor imposed by the Aboriginal Americo-Liberians on behalf of multinational industry of rubber. The scandal forced the government to resign. In 1936 , the new government prohibits forced labor. Nevertheless, the indigenous private law vote , remain citizens of second class. It was not until May 1945 that President William Shadrach Tubman Vacanarat grant voting rights to indigenous peoples.

In 1960 , Liberia is entering a period of 20 years of prosperity, thanks to concessions offered to foreign multinationals (mainly U.S. and German) for the exploitation of mineral deposits of iron in the country.

In 1971 , William Richard Tolbert, junior , senior vice-president since 1951 , became president following the death of President Tubman. Economic policy that leads increases the gap between Americo-Liberians and indigenous.

On 12 April 1980 , the Government of True Whig is overthrown in a coup led by Samuel Kanyon Doe , an indigenous person who takes power. President Edouard Danel is brutally murdered. Doe quickly establishes a dictatorship.

In 1989 , the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), an opposition group under the authority of Charles Taylor , is organized. The revolt is quickly throughout the country without meeting any serious resistance from government forces. Nevertheless, progress has stopped on the outskirts of Monrovia. At the same time, members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) decided to send its peacekeeping force, the ECOMOG , composed of 4000 men.

In 1990 , a disagreement within the NPFL led Prince Johnson to secede and create the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL) with a thousand dissidents. On 9 September 1990 , President Doe was killed by Prince Johnson during a visit to ECOMOG troops.

In 1992 , the NPFL attempt a new assault on Monrovia, which ended in failure. The situation gets stuck. Warlords are creating new dissident factions. Attempts to resolve the conflict by ECOWAS are unsuccessful.

In 1996 , all the factions agree to hold a vote under the auspices of ECOWAS.

On 19 July 1997 , Charles Taylor was elected president of Liberia, with 75% of the vote. The validity of the election is in doubt despite the many foreign observers dispatched to the occasion by international organizations.

In 1998 , ECOMOG left Liberia.

After the departure of Charles Taylor in 2003 , a political transition under the close supervision of the UN is organized. On 23 November 2005 , after two rounds, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was declared the winner in the presidential election with 59.4% against 40.6% for George Weah. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became the first democratically elected woman president of a country in Africa. She was sworn in on January 16 and between officially in office.

Politics

Liberia is a republic with multiparty presidential regime. The country is undergoing a phase transition from civil war to a democracy. The government is based on the model of the United States with three equal branches, although the president is actually a prominent place in the political landscape. After the dissolution of the Republican Party in 1876 , the True Whig exercised power through coup in 1980. Currently, no party holds a majority in parliament.

The longest was that of President William Tubman , according to 1944 until his death in 1971. The shortest was that of James Skivring Smith , who lasted only two months, from 4 November 1871 to ¹ January 1872.

Subdivisions

Liberia is divided into 15 counties : Bomi , Bong , Gbarpolu , Grand Bassa , Grand Cape Mount , Grand Gedeh , Grand Kru , Lofa , Margibi , Maryland , Montserrado , Nimba , River Cess , River Gee , Sinoe.

In 2001, the population of Liberia was estimated at 3,230,000 inhabitants.

Following the civil war that hit the opposing forces of Liberia President Charles Taylor (who is awaiting trial in the Netherlands ) in LURD (Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy) supported by the United States and the regime of Guinea, the population fell to about 2.8 million inhabitants.

Geography

Map of Liberia

Liberia is bordered by the Atlantic to the south and south-west, bordering Sierra Leone to the northwest of Guinea to the north and Cote d'Ivoire to the east.

Economy

Member States of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Liberia is a tax haven , one of whose characteristics is to never reveal the names of individuals on their commercial registers. Liberia is one of the flags of convenience.

Is that Liberia is the largest plantation of rubber trees in the world: 48 000 hectares , owned by Bridgestone , the giant Japanese of the tire.

Liberia iron ore in the Nimba Mountains and the border of Sierra Leone.

Demographics

In 1981, the population of Liberia was 1.2 million. It is estimated at 3.32 million in 2003, representing a low density of 33 inhabitants per km ^2.

Between 1990 and 1995, fighting has claimed more than 200 000 deaths and 800 000 Liberians to seek refuge abroad (Cte d'Ivoire and Guinea), in addition to the million people displaced inside the country. Because of the war, Liberia has a high rate of infant mortality very high (132 to 1000).

Americo-Liberians are among the 20 000 and the Lebanese community is composed of 10 000 representatives. The indigenous population consists of fifteen communities. The south is dominated by the Kru, the rest of the population belongs to groups linked to the family Mandinka (Mende, Kpelle , will, etc.)..

The population of Monrovia , the capital and main port, has considerably increased due to the exodus of civilians fleeing the fighting (720 000 inhabitants in 1994 against 425 000 in 1984). The second port, Buchanan (24 000 inhabitants in 1984), is connected by rail to the iron mines of Mount Nimba , the production was stopped during the conflict.

Demographic changes between 1961 and 2003 (figure in FAO , 2005). Population in thousands.

Health

Life expectancy at birth was 44.7 years in 2005 . The fertility rate was 6.8 births per woman in the early 21st century . Health expenditure was 22 U.S. (PPP) in 2004 . The infant mortality rate was 15.7% in 2005 (155.8 deaths for Every 1000 live births) . The prevalence of HIV / AIDS was about 2% of the population in 2009 .

Education

The University of Liberia is located in Monrovia. Founded in 1862 , is one of the oldest institutions of higher education in Africa. The civil war has seriously damaged the university in the 1990s. The restoration of the university began shortly after the restoration of peace.

Cuttington University was founded by the Episcopal Church USA in 1889. It is located in the district Suakoko about 190 km north of Monrovia.

According to estimates by the UNESCO in 2004 , 65% of students are enrolled at the primary school and only 24% for the secondary. . Beyond the economic misery, the problem of child soldiers in part explains the low enrollment at the school.

Culture

Women and girls in Liberia, party dress (1910)

The main religions of animism (40%), the Christianity (40%) and Islam (20%).

References

Bibliography

• Liberia - 1981 - PUF, collection "Que sais-je?", By Louis Dollot , 127 p. 18 cm, ( ISBN 2-13037-056-X )

Codes

Liberia has the code:

• A8 , according to the list of prefixes ICAO aircraft registration ,
• EL , according to the list of prefixes ICAO aircraft registration , since 2002
• GL , according to the list of prefixes ICAO airport codes ,
• LB , according to the list of international codes of plates ,
• LBR , according to the standard ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 (list of country codes)
• LBR , according to the list of country codes IOC ,
• LBR , according to the list of country codes used by NATO , code alpha-3
• LI , according to the list of country codes used by NATO , alpha-2 code,
• LI , according to the list of prefixes ICAO aircraft registration , now unusual,
• LI , according to the list of country codes FIPS 10-4 ,
• LR , according to the standard ISO 3166-1 (country codes list), alpha-2 code
• . Lr , according to the list of Internet TLDs ( top level domain )

See also

• The film Lord of War evokes a warlord inspired by Charles Taylor.
• The book American Darling, Russell Banks (Ed. Actes Sud, 2005 )
• Allah's book is not obligated to, Ahmadou Kourouma which tells the life of a child soldier ( Renaudot prize in 2000 - Ed. du Seuil)
• Visa for the hell of Clhia Lavarne
• The film Johnny Mad Dog (2008) by Jean-Stephane Sauvaire , evoking the lives of a group of child soldiers.

Related articles

• List of political leaders

External Links

Category Liberia directory dmoz

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