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Linguistic Demography Of Quebec

This article presents the linguistic demography of Quebec, also known in Canada by the neologism demolinguistic. Specialization in demography , it is the study of the distribution of languages in a given region. Besides the descriptors that it usually takes censuses , it focuses on factors involved in the evolution of language groups: mortality , fertility , immigration , emigration , as well as the abandonment of one language in favor of another ( substitution language ).

Summary

/ / Overview
  • Population: 7,542,800 (2004)
  • Official language: French
  • Majority group: French (81.2)
  • Minority groups: English (9.0%), allophone (13%), Aboriginal (1%), bilingual (English and French) (2.8%)
  • Political Status: Province of Canada since 1867

Note: With some exceptions, the statistics on languages refer to this page to the language (see below).

Descriptors

Native language is the first language learned by a person in childhood and still understood. Generally this is indeed the language spoken by the mother, but sometimes that is the language of the father or the language of an adoptive parent.

Language most spoken at home: the language most spoken at home is an indicator of language used in Quebec to try to track the adoption of French.

Knowledge of languages: the indicator of knowledge of official languages trying to measure the mastery of English and French in Canada.

First official language spoken, the first official language spoken is an indicator developed by Statistics Canada to obtain a picture of the use of both Canada's official languages (English and French).

Detailed Portrait

Francophones

Among the 10 provinces of the Canadian federation and the 50 states of the United States of America, Quebec is the only state in predominantly francophone. Quebec Francophones represent 19.5% of Canadians and 81.2% of the Quebec population. 90% of the Francophone population of Canada lives in Quebec. Quebec is the province with the New Brunswick Francophone community which is in demographic decline. (It should still take into account that the Anglophone population is in demographic decline is stronger than the francophone population, is in all regions of Canada.)

Cities with large Francophone:

The English

The 6.7% of the population of Quebec (2006) whose native language is English living mainly the greater metropolitan area of Montreal, where they have access to a network of social, economic, and cultural well-established.

Cities Montreal intensive English:

The bilingual

In 2001 in Quebec, 40.8% of the population reported being bilingual, compared to 37.8% in 1996 and 35.4% in 1991.

In comparison, for the rest of Canada, the 2001 rate is 10.3% and varied little from 1996.

allophones

The remaining 12%, the allophones , are a heterogeneous group comprising some 30 nationalities. With the exception of American Indians and Inuit, most are from a relatively recent immigration from the Anglophone and Francophone groups. The 2001 census showed 1.7% of Italian-speaking Hispanics of 0.98%, 1.07% Arabic, 0.61% Sinophone ... etc. Following on http://www40.statcan.ca/l02/ cst01/demo11b_f.htm

Immigration

Births

Births to mothers whose mother tongue is French represent about 75% of total births in 2009. Children born to mothers whose mother tongue is English for their part represent about 9% of births in 2006. But there are many mixed couples (French / English, French / Other, English / Other, French) and mothers with a mother tongue other than French and English (about 14% in 2009). So what percentage of births is not exactly the language transmission from parent to child. Therefore, even if births to mothers francophones represent 75% of the total in 2009 while their population is about 79.5% this does not mean a population decline of French in Quebec. Cities

Mother tongue to metropolitan areas Montreal

There are three territories that use the name "Montral" in their name in the Greater Montreal Area: Montreal Island, the city of Montreal and the Montreal Metropolitan Community. However, the name "Montral", used alone, refers only to the city.

In 1999, all municipalities of the island of Montreal were agglomerated to form one large city. However, in 2002, a referendum has come to amputate the new town of some former municipalities that have regained their independence in 2006. So always make the distinction between the Montreal metropolitan area (which includes the island of Montreal, Laval, Longueuil and a number of municipalities in the northern and southern), the island of Montreal and Montreal.

This is a city officially French. Some districts, however, are designated bilingual (French-English).

If Quebec allophones constitute only about 12% of Quebecers, however, they are concentrated to 88% in the Montreal area. It's the same for English speakers, but to a lesser extent, they are also well established in the Outaouais region.

Francophones account for 68% of the total population in the Montreal area, anglophones and allophones 12.5% 18.5%. On the island of Montreal, the French majority falling to 52.8% and follows a declining trend since the 1970s, when English is spoken by 18.2% of the population and 29.0% allophones.

Evolution

Evolution of language in Quebec
Language / Year 1951 1961 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006
French 82.5% 81.2% 80.7% 80.0% 82.4% 82.9% 82.1% 81.5% 81.2% 79.6%
English 13.8% 13.3% 13.1% 12.8% 11.0% 10.3% 9.6% 8.8% 8.3% 8.2%
Allophone 3.7% 5.6% 6.2% 7.2% 6.6% 6.8% 8.3% 10.7% 10.0%
Bilingual - - - - - - - - 0.8%

(This panel represents the evolution of mother tongues, but we must also take into account the evolution of languages understood by the general population, whereas in the 1970s, only native Francophones who spoke French, since the law 101, the proportion of people including French has grown steadily from 81% in 1977 to 94.5% in 1996 )

Aboriginal

Quebec Native peoples constitute a diverse group of approximately 71 000 individuals, or about 1% of the Quebec population. They represent 9% of the aboriginal population of Canada. Approximativent 60% of Aboriginal recognized as "Indians" by the standards of the Indian Act (federal law). The following table presents the demographics of Aboriginal peoples in Quebec:

Language Language Family Total population of the nation (2005) Number of speakers (mother tongue, 2001) Region
Abenaki Algonquian 2 048 0 Centre-du-Qubec
Algonquin Algonquian 9 111 1 750 Outaouais and Abitibi-Tmiscamingue
Atikamekw (fathead minnow) Algonquian 5 868 4 715 Mauricie and Lanaudire
Cry Algonquian 14 632 11 935 Northern Quebec
Maliseet Algonquian 759 Bas-Saint-Laurent
Micmac Algonquian 4 865 780 Gaspsie
Montagnais-Naskapi (Montagnais) Algonquian 15385 (Montagnais)
834 (Naskapi) 		8365 North Shore and Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
Wendat (Huron) Iroquoian 2 988 Capitale-Nationale
Mohawk (Mohawk) Iroquoian 16 211 75 Montrgie and Laurentides
Inuktitut (Eskimo) Eskimo-Aleut 10 054 8 710 Nunavik

Legislation

Francization

References

  1. Statistics Canada - Population by mother tongue, by census metropolitan areas (Census 2001)
  2. Bibliography

    Primary sources

    General Studies

    Working language

    Language of instruction

    • Language education: indicators for preschool, primary and secondary, college and university, "Monitoring the linguistic situation, Issue 4, Montreal, Quebec Office of the French language, 2008, 107 p.
    • Michel Paille , "The French education at the elementary and secondary education for immigrant children: a population count, in: Pierre Bouchard and Richard Y. Bourhis, ed., Language Planning in Quebec: 25 years of application of the Charter of the French language, Quebec, Quebec Publications, 2002 51-67.
    • The linguistic situation in the education sector in 1997-1998 , in Bulletin of Education Statistics, Number 10, March 1999, 9 pages
    • Michel Paille. "The medium of education to immigration, how can we detect speech 'alarmist' when reality is already ahead of population projections?" Sociographic Research, XXXVIII-3, 1997 491-507
    • Michel Paille. "Portrait demolinguistic CEGEP in Montreal, in: Ernesto Sanchez, Symposium 1991: French in college, Jonquire Cgep de Jonquire, 1991, p. 64-70
    • Michel Paille. "The Charter of the French language school: demographic situation and prospects", in: Gerard Lapointe and Michel Amyot, ed. The status of French in Quebec: review and outlook, Quebec, Council of French , 1986, Volume 1, p. 67-123
    • Annual Reports of the Office de la langue French and the Commission for Protection of French

    Indigenous Languages

    • Jacques Maurais. ed., Aboriginal languages in Quebec , Collection: Records, 35 Pages: xviii, 455, 171 KB French Language Board, 1992
    • Norbert Robitaille and Eric Guimond, "The demographic situation of aboriginal groups in Quebec," Recherches sociographiques , XXXV-3, Fall 1994, pages 433-454.

    Substitutions language

    Outlook demolinguistic

    • Marc Termote. demolinguistic New Perspectives in Quebec and the Montreal region 2001-2051 , Montreal: Office de la langue French, 2008 (in collaboration with Thibault Normand)
    • Marc Termote. "The dynamics demolinguistic Quebec and its regions," in Victor Pich and Celine Le Bourdais, ed. Demography Quebec. Challenges of the XXI century. Montreal, Les Presses de l'Universit de Montral, collection "Settings", pages 264-299, 2003
    • Marc Termote. "The evolution demolinguistic Quebec and Canada", in The updated study originally prepared for the Commission on the political and constitutional future of Quebec. Report submitted to the Minister for Canadian Intergovernmental Affairs. Volume 2, Book 2. Quebec, Executive Council, Office for the Coordination of Studies, pages 161-244, 2002
    • Marc Termote. demolinguistic Outlook Quebec and the Montreal area in the New Century: Implications for French-language public use , Council of the French Language, Montreal, September 15, 1999
    • Michel Paille. Demolinguistic New trends in the island of Montreal, 1981-1996, Quebec French Language Board, 1989, 173 p.

    Methodology


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