Manx (or Manx) is a Celtic language belonging to the branch of the Gaelic languages , and spoken on the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea by about 1700 people.

This language is differentiation of the strap (Scottish Gaelic) to the ^fifteenth century. This is one of the official languages of the island , the laws must be proclaimed in Manx and his teaching has been implemented in schools. Ned Maddrell , died in 1974 , was the last speaker's original language, before the appearance of the new generation of mannophones twenty years later. This start was largely through the efforts of several enthusiastic (especially Brian Stowell ) at a local level. Manx is now recognized as a regional language under the British-Irish Council and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Today 49 people speak it as mother tongue (bilingual children were born), and the talk about 1689 as a second language.

Manx is much closer to Scottish Gaelic as that of Ireland. It contains both archaic traits (eg, old words that have disappeared in Irish and Scottish Gaelic) and innovations (in syntax, phonetics, morphology). Manx grammar shows many English influences do not appear in Irish or Scottish Gaelic, including indirect object pronouns, which follow the verb as in English. No other Celtic language supports such a syntactic construction.

His spelling, original, is based primarily on spelling conventions of English and Welsh, and very little in common with the Gaelic spelling of other languages. For this reason, the Manx is known to have a spelling system less surprising and more anglicized than other Gaelic languages. But there are many irregularities and it is difficult to know how you pronounce several words that you do not already know.

Characteristics of dialects of Manx

Definition of Manx fys, ny Fockleyr Gaelgey, Cregeen Archibald (1774-1841), published in 1835.

Manx has strong similarities with the Irish and Scottish Gaelic as regards phonology, vocabulary and grammar, but has also sometimes very strange case. In addition, we may divide into two dialects Manx: Manx North and South Manx ^{(written - (a) IBH, - (a) imh in Irish and Gaelic) was merged with (- (e) abh - (e) amh) in Manx, the two became written or-oo-u (e) in Manx. These include shassoo ("stand"; Irish seasamh) credjue ("religion" Irish creideamh) nealloo ("fading" Middle Irish original (i) nalaibh, lit. "In the clouds") and erriu (" upon you "; Irish oraibh)} .

Distribution of dialects on the island

As the dialects of Northern Ireland and most of those Scottish Gaelic, Manx has changed the historical consonant clusters / kn n mn tn / en / kr r mr rpm. For example, the words of Middle Irish cnid ("mock") and MNA (women) respectively become Craid mraane in Manx and . The affrication in is also common in Manx, the Northern Irish and Scottish Gaelic .

Moreover, as in the dialects of North and West of Ireland and southern dialects of Scottish Gaelic (eg on the island of Arran and the Kintyre ), the unstressed syllable End word of the Middle Irish (writing - (a) idh and - (a) igh) has evolved in Manx, it is written-ee, as, for example, in kionnee ("buy"; see irl. ceannaigh) and cullee ("rigging", cf. gael. culaidh) .

Another similarity between the Manx, Irish and Ulster in some dialects of Gaelic in Scotland is that / a / rather than / / appears in unaccented syllables before / x / (written in Manx agh), by jeeragh example (right) (Irish dreach) cooinaghtyn ("remember") (Gaelic cuimhneachd ).

As the Irish Munster , the history (written bh and mh) disappeared in the middle or end of a word in Manx, is a compensatory lengthening , or by a kind of vocalization resulting from u diphthongization with the preceding vowel. For example, the words Manx geurey ("winter") and sleityn ("mountains") correspond to the Irish geimhreadh and slibhte (writing and pronunciation in the dialect of south-Irish respectively gire ( . Another commonality between Manx and Irish of Munster is the development of diphthongs of Old Irish before a consonant velarized (ao written in Irish and Scottish Gaelic) as as in Seyr ( "carpenter") and keyll ("close") (written and caol saor in Irish and pronounced the same way in Munster) .

As variants west and south of Irish Gaelic and North of Scotland, but unlike dialects geographically closer, as the Ulster and Irish Gaelic of Arran and Kintyre, Manx knows the elongation vowels or diphthongization before sonorants of Old Irish. For example, cloan ("children") correspond to Irish / Scottish Gaelic clann, data and im, which have long vowels and diphthongs in the Irish west and south and dialects Gaelic Outer Hebrides and Skye , and Irish of the west and .

Sample text in Manx

The parable of the prodigal son (in the Bible).

"15 dooyrt eh, Va daa vac dooinney ec dy row: s there dooyrt iron rish e ayr saa, Ayr, cur dooys yn dy ayrn chooid your my choir. As rheynn eh eh e chooid orroo. 13 Lurgi Have laghyn ny shen, yn hymsee mac saa ooilley cooidjagh have Ghows eh jurnah GYS foddey cheer, as ayns shen hug eh er e jummal chooid liorish baghey rouanagh. 14 As work goes ooilley baaris echey, dirree genney vooar ayns y cheer shen, ren eh toshiaght as dy ve ayns feme. 15 As hie eh eh eh-ace Daill rish hene cummaltagh jeh'n cheer shen; did hug eh magh eshyn GYS dy ve ny magheryn echey his bochilley muickey. 16 Aces by-vian Volg e Lesh Lesh lhieeney there will bleaystyn ny ny muckyn dy ee: as cha row dooinney cooney da erbe hug. 17 As work v'eh huggey jeet er hene, eh dooyrt, Naghi nhimmey sharvaant failte my t'ec ta nyn ayr ar sagum oc fooilliagh ace, ace ta mish Goll mow laccal beaghey! 18-ym orrym Trog, have hem roym GYS my ayr, did JIR-ym rish, Ayr, ta mee er n'yannoo peccah niau noi, ace kiongoyrt rhyt's, 19 As cha vel mee ny-sodjey feeu dy ve dty vac enmyssit: dell rhyme rish myr iron jeh dty harvaantyn sailt. 20 As hrog er eh, eh ace Hainke GYS e ayr. Agh tra v'eh foast foddey veih, honnick e ayr eh, will have chymmey echey er, did belt eh, eh eh ayns have Ghows e roihaghyn have phaag eh eh. 21 As there dooyrt mac rish, Ayr, ta mee er n ' yannoo peccah noi niau, as ayns dty Hilley's, as cha vel mee ny-sodjey feeu dy ve enmyssit dty vac. 22 Agh dooyrt yn ayr rish e harvaantyn, Cur-jee lhieu magh yn coamrey share, as cur-jee er eh, did cur-jee fainey laue st e, e chassyn have braagyn st. 23 As cur-jee lhieu ayns yn Shoh lheiy beiyht, did marr-jee eh; have lhig Dooin gee ve got gennal. 24 His v'eh Shoh marroo my vac, have t'eh bio reesht; v'eh quails have t'eh gheddyn reesht ny st. As dy ren ad toshiaght yannoo gien mie. 25 Nish va'n mac shinney mooie 'Vaghe sy: as tra Hainke eh er-thie gerrey da'n, eh cheayll kiaulleeaght have daunsin. Deie 26 As iron jeh'n vooinjer eh er, DENEE have cre eh its going Shoh. 27 As dooyrt eh rish, Ta dty vraar er jeet thie; have your dty varroo yn ayr st lheiy beiyht, er-yn-dy vel eh er oyr jeet thie huggey Slane Follan. 28 Aces v ' eh feer chorree, have each baillish Goll stiagh: shen-y-fa e ayr Hainke magh, as vreag eh eh. dreggyr eshyn 29 Ace, ace dooyrt eh rish e ayr, Cur-my-ner, ta mish ayns shen rish whilleen Blein dty hirveish, chamoo ren mee dty aigney rieau noi, have dug foast cha oo dou rieau wheesh Mannan, dy yannoo gien Marish my gheiney-mooinjerey: 30 Agh cha leah as v'eh Shoh dty vac er jeet, ta dty chooid vaarail st st streebeeyn t'u e st st varroo Hon yn lheiy beiyht. 31 As dooyrt eh rish, Vac, t'u er ny ve kinjagh marym, nor did lhiat ooilley's love thee. 32 Fifth cooie Dooin ve gennal, there have bogey ghoaill: its v'eh Shoh dty vraar marroo have t'eh bio reesht: v'eh quails have t'eh gheddyn ny st. "

Examples of words in Manx

Numbers in Manx

References

See also

Internal Links

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