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Marquess Of Salisbury

The title Marquess of Salisbury, together with the City of Salisbury , was created in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1789 for James Cecil , 7th ^Earl of Salisbury. Most carriers of this title have been important players in British politics for the last two centuries. For example, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil was prime minister three times in the late ^nineteenth and early ^twentieth century.

The title of Earl of Salisbury has a complex history. It was created for Patrick of Salisbury by Empress Matilda during the civil war called "Anarchy." The title, however, was recognized by his opponent, King Stephen of England , then by his successor Henry II.

William of Longespee , an illegitimate son of Henri II was married by his half-brother Richard to Ela, daughter and heiress ^of the 2nd Earl, Countess de jure.

Alice Plantagenet , wife of Thomas of Lancaster , Earl of Leicester and Lancaster , inherited the title. When her husband lost his titles and was executed for treason in 1322 , the countess went to the king's titles, and they went out.

The title was created a second time in 1337 to William Montacute. It was worn by Richard Neville , the kingmaker, and his death the title became dormant because there were many legitimate successors.

It was given to George, Duke of Clarence in 1472. When the Duke was executed for treason in 1478 , the title was forfeited. It was again created for Edward of Middleham , son of Richard III , who later became Prince of Wales. At his death, the title goes.

In 1485 , the dormancy of the title of the second creation was finished, and the title went to Edward Plantagenet , the little son of Richard Neville. Edward, the last representative of the house of York was executed for high treason in 1499. The title was not, however, formally confiscated in 1504. Margaret , her sister returned to the title in 1513 with the accession of Henry VIII , but it was confiscated in 1539 for treason. 2 years she was imprisoned and executed in 1541.

The title was eventually given to Robert Cecil , a close adviser to Jacques ^I..

Lord Salisbury holds the subsidiary titles of Earl of Salisbury (est. 1605), Viscount Cranborne, in the county of Dorset (1604), and Baron Cecil of Essendon in the county of Rutland (1603). The title of Viscount Cranborne is used as a courtesy title by the eldest son and heir of the Marquis.

Summary

/ / Earl of Salisbury, first Creation (circa 1143 )

One thousand one hundred and forty-three - 1168 : Patrick Salisbury ( 1168);
In 1168 - 1 196 : William of Salisbury ( 1196);
1 196 - one thousand two hundred sixty-one : Ela of Salisbury ( 1261), daughter of the same;
- 1 196 - 1226 : William Long-Sword ( 1226), illegitimate son of Henry II , Count in right of his wife;
1261 - 1,310 : Margaret Long Sword ( 1310), daughter of the same;
- 1261 - 1,311 : Henry de Lacy , ^5th Earl of Lincoln, her husband
1311 - in 1348 : Alice de Lacy (1281-1348), daughter and wife of precedents:
- 1311 - 1322 : Thomas of Lancaster , Earl of Leicester and Lancaster , who was executed in 1322.

Earl of Salisbury, Second Creation ( 1337 )

1,337 - one thousand three hundred and forty-four : William Montacute (1301 - 1344);
1344 - 1397 : William Montacute (1328 - 1397);
In 1397 - 1400 : John Montacute (1350 - 1400);
One thousand four hundred twenty-one - one thousand four hundred and twenty-eight : Thomas Montague (1388 - 1428);
In 1428 - one thousand four hundred and sixty : Richard Neville (1400 - 1460);
1460 - 1 471 : Richard Neville said Warwick the Kingmaker (1428-1471).

The title is dormant.

Earl of Salisbury, third creation ( 1472 )

1 472 - 1478 : George Plantagenet (1449 - 1478), Earl of Warwick and Duke of Clarence. Executed for treason.

Title confiscated for treason.

Earl of Salisbury, fourth creation ( 1478 )

1478 - 1484 : Edward of Middleham (1473 - 1484), Prince of Wales , only son of Richard III.

Earl of Salisbury, second creation (restoration)

1,485 - one thousand four hundred ninety-nine : Edward Plantagenet (1475 - 1499), ^17thEarl of Warwick. Son of George and grandson son of Warwick. Executed for treason;
1513 - 1539 : Margaret Pole (1474 - 1541), his sister. Imprisoned and executed for treason.

Title confiscated for treason.

Earl of Salisbury, fifth Creation ( 1605 )

1605 - 1 612 : Robert Cecil (circa 1565 - 1612);
In 1612 - 1668 : William Cecil (1591 - 1668). Son of the former;
In 1668 - in 1683 : James Cecil (1648 - 1683). Grand-son of the same;
One thousand six hundred eighty-three - one thousand six hundred ninety-four : James Cecil (1666 - 1694);
1694 - 1 728 : James Cecil (1691-1728). Son of the former;
One thousand seven hundred twenty-eight - 1,780 : James Cecil (1713 - 1780). Son of the former;
1 780 - one thousand eight hundred twenty-three : James Cecil (1748 - 1823). Son of the former.

The latter became Marquis of Salisbury in 1789.