The Soviet Union had already implemented the 12 October 1924 a Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , the RASSM (RASSM), which belonged to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (AHSN), between the Dniester and the Bug , which officially gave many rights to the Romanian minority in AHSN and Stalin had to "prefigure what will one day Romania Soviet Integration into the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union annexed the region again in 1944 and Soviet soldiers who will occupy Romania until 1958 imposed a communist government in Bucharest in March 1945 , under the command of Moscow. This Communist regime welcomes the transfer to the USSR of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina and endorsement by the Treaty of Paris in February 1947.

During the "purges" of the years 1944-1955, the Moldovan elite pre-war (the " intellectuals "and the" bourgeoisie "), as well as hundreds of thousands of ordinary people are killed or deported, particularly in Siberia and in the steppes of Kazakhstan (on a massive scale in 1949): the " Russification .

A large immigration of Ukrainians and Russians after the Second World War created a minority of 27% slavophones in Moldavian SSR. Romanians from RSSM must now use Russian , to enter public service and administration (with the Russian language status of inter-ethnic communication). Political and academic positions are given to members of non-Romanian ethnic groups (only 14% of political leaders of the RSSM are of Romanian origin in 1946 ), although this percentage is a little later. While local names and Latin script are preserved in the three Baltic republics, Moldova's all Russified as can be seen on all maps and in the Soviet press Moldovan this time. Only the Cyrillic alphabet, Russian is permitted. The names of towns and villages are modified so that they sound more "slave", or are renamed.

The Soviet government encouraged the development of a "culture of Moldova," we want different from the Romanian culture, as Moldova is formally different from Romania (the movement "Moldova", which aims to highlight the particularism and purely local authors, and to obscure all that local culture can have in common with the Romanian culture). The story is amended to introduce the Romanians as foreigners who have oppressed the people of Moldova before the Second World War , before they were liberated by the Soviets.

Demographic Consequences

According to reports from the Minister Kruglov to Stalin, unearthed by the historian Nikolai Bouga ^, , and according to census data from 1940 to 1950, Moldova has lost a third of its population from 3.2 million people according to the Romanian census of 1938 at 2.229 million by the Soviet census of 1950.

So 971,000 people disappeared in 10 years:

• 140 000 Germans in Bessarabia were deported to Germany under the Nazi-Soviet Pact
• 300,000 Moldovans were deported between 28 June 1940 and June 22, 1941 (in the one night of 13 June 1941 to 13,470 families comprising 22,648 persons, of which approximately two thirds of women and children);
• 120 000 Jews were either massacred by the regime of Marshal Ion Antonescu , or fled to the Soviet Union and never returned, or have moved to that they have been overtaken by the Wehrmacht and killed by the Einsatzgruppen ;
• 250,000 Moldovans were deported between 1944 and 1948;
• 150 000 people died between 1946 and 1947 due to starvation caused by the Soviet requisitions when we were in times of crop failure (policy already applied in neighboring Ukraine in 1920-1930 ( Holodomor ).
• 11,324 families were displaced by force from Moldova July 6, 1949 (approximately 40,850 persons).

In 1950 over 220 000 "undesirable" or "pests" had already been deported from the country, 49,000 of which were still alive at the scene of their deportation (still moving). Stalin's death does not end the deportations: between 1954 and 1964, 300 000 families were moved to Russia and Kazakhstan.

The emergence of an independent state

Dissent rises from 1969 and 1971 , with a "Patriotic Front" clandestine, mounted by young intellectuals in Chiinu, bringing together over one hundred members. They intend to fight for the establishment of a democratic republic of Moldova, as part of its split vis--vis the USSR and its union with Romania, as had happened in 1917-1918 with the former Russian Bessarabia, Moldova detached from 105 years ago (1812) by Russia.

In December 1971, following a briefing note written by Ion Stnescu , President of the Security Council of the State of the Socialist Republic of Romania, Yuri Andropov , the KGB chief, three leaders of the National Patriotic Front , Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgar , Gheorghe Ghimpu and Valeriu Graur , and a fourth person, Alexandru Soltoianu , leader of an underground movement similar Bucovina North, were arrested and later sentenced to long prison terms.

In February 1988 , the first demonstrations take place in Chisinau tolerated. First pro-perestroika, they soon become anti-government and require official status for the Romanian instead of Russian.

On 31 August 1989 , following a strong protest from 600,000 participants in Chisinau four days ago, Romanian (re-) became the official language in Moldova.

In 1990 held the first parliamentary elections free and see the victory of Frontul Popular (Popular Front). A government led by Mircea Druc , one of the leaders of Frontul Popular, is formed. The name of the RSSM is amended the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic became the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic and finally to its independence the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova) short. Minorities, mostly descended from settlers established since 1945, worried, and hardliners on both sides will set fire to the powder. Romanian-side, some promise to the settlers "the suitcase or the coffin" and Slavic side, leaders like Stefan Topal (Gk-Oguz) or Igor Smirnov (Russia), supported by the Soviet ^14th Army commanded by Alexander Lebed, asking to remain USSR and threaten to secede if independence. Some analysts (Jean-Baptiste Naudet) believe that "extremists" on both sides initialling in fact the KGB in order to halt the process of emancipation. It will be useless.

The Republic of Moldova proclaimed its independence in August 1991 , immediately recognized by Romania (which signifies their lack of demands on the country) and by the international community. The RSSM lived. The boundaries of the new state, established on August 2 1940 remain unchanged, saying the government had no territorial claims on Ukraine, but that will not Stefan Topal and Igor Smirnov to still secession war ensue in 1992 between Moldova and the Russian ^14th Army: victorious, it subtracts the new state 20% of its territory erected into a self-proclaimed republics. If the Gk-Oguz then returned to the ranks during a bargaining advantage (1994), Igor Smirnov and his friends are still today (2007) a zone of lawlessness and Racketeering (weapons, women, bodies ) at the gates of the European Union, as evidenced by the work of Xavier Deleu.

References