open moorland, heath and grass, Mont Wilsede region of Luneburg, Germany

A moor in New Forest in England.

Heather moorland, Nature Reserve near Wrzosowiska Cedyskie Cedynia in northwestern Poland

The moor (sometimes called or in the north of France) is an association of plants that rarely exceed the stadium and shrubs growing on poor backgrounds, often acidic and oligotrophic. The trees , the pines , have been introduced by humans or occurred spontaneously after the disappearance of large herbivores and small wild or farmed.

In the European heath, found mostly heather , the gorse , of boxwood and gorse. Heaths are found throughout the temperate zone. In France they are mainly located in the Massif Central and Armorican Massif. In Germany , the moor's most famous is the Lneburg Heide (Lneburg Heath).

According to the bedrock and the location we can differentiate two types of heathland: the heath and moorland siliceous calcareous.

The siliceous heath

The heath silicicola , moor mesophilic or waste ^{The special case of "calcareous barrens"}

Moors called calcareous develop in sedimentary basins , especially on limestone exposed to the South ( Paris Basin and the London Basin ). These are grass on shallow soils (type rendzina ).

The vegetation is typical of a lawn formed seslerie (Sesleria caerulea), the Brachypodium (Brachypodium pinnatum), the rock rose (Helianthemum), the vetch (Coronilla varia), the hawthorn (Crateagus oxyacantha), the juniper (Juniperus communis) ...

State, pressures, threats

Acid and wet moors and heathlands are locally protected (they are home to many endangered or protected species), but are rapidly declining in areas where they are for geological reasons or climate limits the extension (eg northern France, on the relics of the original acidic tertiary).
The main threats are urbanization and cultivation inputs with inputs, fertilizer inputs (including via rainfall) that are a cause of eutrophication and decline in the heather and other plants of backgrounds oligotrophic ( droseras example in wet heathlands), the decline in pastures or extensive loss of the wild rabbit who kept lawns and moors shave.
Contributions of calcium (in the form of amendments or rubble limestone-rich cement, lime ..) are also causes regression of acid heathland species, including heather. Many wet heathlands were victims of a drainage and sometimes to fire successive and severe erosion and soil mineralization ( peat , including paratourbeux) due to their drying.

Image Gallery

Lande coastal heath of Cap de la Chevre , Finistere

Heath Mount Wilsede (Lneburg), Germany

Lande the Sheep Mountain Wilsede

See also

Related articles

External link

• The maintenance of soil fertility Landes.

Sources

• Elhai (Henry), Biogeography, Collection U, Armand Colin, Paris 1968

Notes

• Portal botany

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