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Music

Allegory referring to the music and instruments

Music is the art is to arrange and order sounds and silences over time: the rhythm is the support of this combination over time, the height, that of the combination in the frequencies, etc..

Music is an art , that of the muse Euterpe in Greek mythology. It is therefore both a creation (an artwork ), a representation and as a mode of communication. It uses certain rules or composition systems, from simple to more complex (often musical notes , the lines ... It can use various objects, body, voice, but also musical instruments specially designed and more and more every sound (concrete, synthetic, abstract, etc.)..

The music is evanescent: it exists only in the moment of perception , who must rebuild his "unity" in length.

Music has existed in all human societies, from prehistoric times. It is both the form of human expression individual (including the expression of feelings ), source of funds and collection of fun ( party , singing , dance ) and symbol of a community or a nation ( national anthem style official music, church music, military music ).

Summary

/ / History
Main article: History of Music.

A complex history

The history of music is a particularly rich and complex material mainly because of its characteristics: the difficulty lies first in the seniority of the music, something universal going back to prehistory , which led to the formation of traditions that have developed separately through the world on millennia. So there are a multitude of very long history of music in different cultures and civilizations. Music Western ( classical or " pop - rock "in the broadest sense) failing in the twentieth century the pace of international reference, and even partially.

The difficulty also comes from the diversity of music forms within the same civilization: art music , music of the elite, official music, religious music , folk music. This ranges from highly developed forms of spontaneous and popular forms practiced by the man in the street. One thinks, for example to lullabies sung at all times by all the mothers of the world. A heritage of a particularly wide range, unlike other arts practiced in a more restricted and elitist ( literature , theater , etc.)..

Finally, with music, art of the moment, there is the specific question of sources: the lack of a system of notation of part of the music world, prevents really know the extent of the music of the past, tradition does have probably saved a limited number.

The realization of a universal synthesis appears very difficult (a lot of "History of Music" deal primarily with the history of Western music), it is usually possible to refer to books and scholarly articles by Civilization or genre of music.

The study of music in the Western world

Music as a scientific discipline

Pythagoras studied music as reports involving arithmetic through sounds. The harmony which shall be found for him and governs the scheduling of its celestial spheres.

Thus Plato in The Republic, VII, 530d, remember that music and astronomy are sciences sisters.

In the fifth century AD, Capella Martianus this music as one of the seven liberal arts.

With Boethius , music theory is distinguished from musical practice. The music heard as an activity (praxis), which is the music of musicians, will be discredited and regarded as a subordinate art, a "mechanical art, music, understood as knowledge (theoria) which will be recognized as only true music, and taught as one of the seven liberal arts , among the four disciplines at the second level of the course, and as Boethius calls " quadrivium. Music (theory) has the same status as the arithmetic , the geometry and astronomy.

Music as art form

Today the music is generally understood as a art form. It was at college, but also in some schools, which enable an optional test for the musical box. It is found in LMD (Bachelor / Masters / PhD) in preparation for careers in music. More private, teaching music at the conservatories own national influence, regional, departmental, and municipal courses that provide music education and instrumental. And finally, in music school associations.

Typology

See detailed articles, Musical genre , chronology of music and also principles for classification of music materials.

There are several ways to classify music, including:

Musical Genres

View specialty items like music , musical Genres alphabetically , by geographical area Genres music , fusion of musical genres , musical genre of Western music

Refers to a musical genre musical practices of that nature and the same destination regardless of historical or cultural context. Same genus may belong to several types of music (which gives it its historical or cultural context). We thus find the kind of song in traditional music, western classical music, etc..

The genres of music can, for example, be categorized as follows:

Types of music

See detailed articles type of music , principles of classification of music materials

Definition of type

A type of music describes the musical practices associated with the same cultural context , according to three dimensions, historical , geographical and social. Therefore, when talking about music as a social group, such part of the world, and such time, we define a particular type of music Example classification by type

In France, public libraries follow the principles for classification of music materials following offering of exhaustive but reflects the Western cultural context (under-representation of the role of non-western music). To summarize:

Class 1
Music influential African-American
Class 2
International pop and rock related
Class 3
Classical music (art music of Western tradition)
Class 4
Electronic Music
Class 5
Music and various functional

For example, music for relaxation and physical activities, music for dances and celebrations, special instruments, mechanical music , different sounds, animals and nature, soundscapes, noise, sound

Class 6
Music and Movies

Film soundtracks , and the like.

Class 7
Use class national or local level (in France: French song )

Including Children's songs ( nursery rhymes , lullabies , etc..) Songs social, humorous songs, songs with text (Text predominant), pop songs, etc..

Class 8
World music

Music arranged by continent and by country.

By era

See detailed article Timeline music

By country

See the links to the music of each country in the detailed article History of Music in the List of musical genres by region.

Science of Music

The Musicology is a science whose subject is music.

Notes

External Links



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