Papua Niugini (tpi)
Independent State of Papua New Guinea (fr)
Papua New Guinea (fr)
( Flag of Papua New Guinea ) ( Arms of Papua New Guinea )
National motto : United in Diversity
Official language	English , Tok Pisin , Hiri Motu
Capital	Port Moresby 9 28'S 147 12'E / 9467, 147.2
Largest city	Port Moresby
Form of State	Constitutional monarchy
- Queen Governor General Prime Minister	Elizabeth II Paulias Matane Michael Somare
Area - Total - Water (%)	Ranked 55 th 462 840 km 2 2%
Population - Total ( 2009 ) - Density	Ranked 106 ? UNIQ6fb214a0728302d-nowiki-00000002-QINU? 1? UNIQ6fb214a0728302d-nowiki-00000003-QINU? e 5940775 Hab. 13.1 inhabitants / km 2
Independence - Date	Of Australia 16 September 1975
Demonym	Papuan (do) or Papua (e)-New Guinea (ne)
Currency	Kina ( PGK )
Time Zone	UTC 10
National anthem	ARISE O all you sound cette land
Internet domain	. Pg
Indicative Telephone	+675

Papua New Guinea or in long form the Independent State of Papua - New Guinea, Tok Pisin in English and is a country in Oceania (Capital: Port Moresby ) occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea (462,840 sq km) (the other half, the West New Guinea was under the sovereignty of Indonesia ). It is located in south-western Pacific Ocean , north of Australia , and the western Solomon Islands.

The country's name comes from " Pappy ", a word from the naturalist Alfred Wallace , comes from the Malay -puwah puwah or papuwah meaning "kinky" .

The French anthropologist Christian Pelras specialist southern island of Sulawesi , writes that the maps produced in the eighteenth century by the Bugis mention the name "Papua" to refer to New Guinea .

New Guinea is the name given to the XVI ^century explorer Spanish , because of the similarity he finds the people with the people of Guinea in Africa.

Summary 1 History 2 Policy 3 Subdivisions 4 Education 5 Geography 5.1 Climate 5.2 Drought and Fire in Papua New Guinea 6 Biodiversity 7 Economy 8 Demographics 9 Health 10 Culture 11 Sports 11.1 Rugby 12 Miscellaneous 12.1 Statistics 13 Codes 14 Notes and references 15 See also 15.1 Bibliography 15.2 Related article 15.3 External link

/ / History

Colonized by Australia on behalf of Great Britain ( 1883 ) and by Germany ( 1884 ), Papua New Guinea is independent within the Commonwealth since 1975.

The country has experienced border disputes with Indonesia and separatist movements, such as that of the island of Bougainville , where the guerrillas have killed more than 100,000 dead.

Politics

Papua New Guinea is a member of the Commonwealth and Queen Elizabeth II is head of state. She is represented by a governor general.

Executive power is held by the Prime Minister, who heads the firm. The unicameral parliament has 109 seats, twenty are occupied by the governors of twenty provinces. MPs are elected every five years.

The elections attracted a large number of candidates, many members of parliament are elected with less than 10% of the vote.

Since the 1960s , tensions separatists on the island of Bougainville islanders oppose the central government. This conflict led to violent clashes in the 1980s , the failure of the strategy of legal harassment of landowners on the island (home of the Panguna mine ) leading to a radicalization of the conflict, with the creation in 1988 of the Bougainville Revolutionary Army.

Subdivisions

Papua New Guinea is divided into twenty provinces in four regions created during the independence of the country on 16 September 1975.

Highlands Region	Islands region	Region Momas	Papua Region
Simbu (2)	East New Britain (4)	East Sepik (5)	Central Province (1)
Eastern Highlands (3)	Manus (9)	Madang (8)	Gulf (7)
Com (6)	New Ireland (12)	Morobe (11)	Milne Bay (10)
Southern Highlands (15)	Bougainville (14)	Sandaun (19)	Northern Province (13)
Western Highlands (17)	West New Britain (18)		Western Province (16)
			National Capital (20)

Education

A large proportion of the population consists of illiterate . Women are particularly affected . Much of education is taught by the church . Indeed, more than 500 schools are connected with the Evangelical Lutheran Church of New Guinea . The country has several universities.

Geography

Papua New Guinea is mostly mountainous (the Mount Wilhelm culminates at 4509 m) and covered with tropical rainforest.

Situated along a fault tectonics , the earthquakes and tsunamis resulting are relatively common in Papua New Guinea.

Much of the country is located on the island of New Guinea , where the capital, Port Moresby but also includes some islands, the most important are: the New Ireland , the New Britain (main islands the Bismarck Archipelago ) and the Bougainville island (geographically connected to the Solomon Islands ).

Climate

Papua New Guinea has an equatorial climate , characterized by high heat throughout the year, but also by high humidity. In the lowlands, the average annual temperature is around 24 C. We are witnessing a rapid drop in temperature as altitude increases ( frozen frequent). The rainfall remains low outside the season of heavy rains in winter.

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	Jul	August	September	October	November	December
Temp. min. ( C)	23	22	22	22	22	22	21	21	22	22	22	23
Temp. Max. ( C)	31	31	31	31	30	30	29	30	30	31	32	32
Temp. Avg. ( C)	28	28	27	27	27	26	26	26	26	27	28	28
Precipitation (mm)	179	196	190	120	65	39	26	25	33	35	55	121
Sources: capaustral.com , www.studentsoftheworld.info

Changes in temperature and precipitation at Port Moresby (the capital of Papua New Guinea) over a year.

Fire and Drought in Papua New Guinea

Drought & Fire

Biodiversity

New Guinea

Economy

Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources , but exploitation is hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of infrastructure development. Recently (around 2010), deposits of natural gas giant were discovered. Their operation, which should start in three or four years, will amount to nearly seven million tonnes per year.

The agriculture is the main livelihood for 85% of the population.

Deposits of minerals , including oil on copper , and gold , account for 72% of export earnings. In 1972, on the island of Bougainville , a thousand miles northeast of Port Moresby , the Australians began operating Panguna, one of the largest copper mines open in the world, which provided 45% of exports.

The economy has been declining since 2000 but has probably improved slightly in 2003. Former Prime Minister Mekere Morauta had tried to maintain the integrity of state institutions, stabilize the kina , restore stability of the national budget, privatize public enterprises where it was appropriate and sustainable peace on Bougainville.

The government was able to attract international support, including gaining the support of IMF and World Bank loans by setting development assistance. The significant challenges facing the current Prime Minister Michael Somare , including gaining further investor confidence, continuing efforts to privatize government capital and maintain the support of parliamentarians.

Markets of major cities in the Highlands provinces, the barter is still commonly practiced, supported by market exchange values trust has become a way "mandatory" with people who do not or have abandoned any connection with the Daily tribes and ethnic groups. In October 1998, ethnic groups in the region of Madang were assigned to their member filing a bill to abolish paper money and a return to the use of Kina - and Toea, his subdivision - which are actually shells.

Demographics

Health

In 2004, public expenditures on health were at 3% of GDP , while private spending amounted to 0.6% . The country has had or has, with about 2% of the adult population, the highest rate of HIV and AIDS in Oceania . In the early 2000s, there were 5 doctors per 100 000 inhabitants .

Culture

Public Holidays

Date	Name	Notes
January 1	New Year's Day
date mobile	Good Friday	Celebrated by Catholics and Protestants
date mobile	Monday of Easter	Celebrated by Catholics and Protestants
April 25	Day of Memory	Day commemorating the fallen soldiers during both world wars
June 11	Anniversary of the Queen
movable date (July)	holiday
September 16 (2006), the date change from year to year	Independence Day	independence celebrations of 1975
October 17	International Day for the Eradication of Poverty	holiday recognized by the UN
October 24	Feast of the UN
November 20	Universal Children's Day
December 1	World Day against AIDS
December 10	Day of Human Rights
December 25	Christmas	Celebrated by Catholics and Protestants
December 26	Boxing Day	Day of presents and family

Sports

Rugby

The Kumul, the team of National Rugby League , 7th rank RLIF , participates at the 2008 World Cup Rugby. She finished last in their group behind three great nations in the XIII , the Australia , the England and New Zealand.

Miscellaneous

Statistics

• Area: 462,840 km ²
• Population: 5.8 million
• Capital: Port Moresby
• Government: Parliamentary democracy
• Currency: Kina, divided into 100 Toea
• Languages: English (official), Tok Pisin , Hiri Motu , Papuan languages, languages Melanesian (Papua New Guinea is the country where there are as many different languages: More than eight hundred identified a total of )

Codes

Papua New Guinea has the code:

• AY , according to the list of prefixes ICAO airport codes ,
• P2 , according to the list of prefixes ICAO aircraft registration ,
• PG , according to the standard ISO 3166-1 (country codes list), alpha-2 code,
• . Pg , according to the list of Internet TLDs ,
• PNG , according to the standard ISO 3166-1 (country code list)
• PNG , as the list of country codes IOC ,
• PNG , as the list of international codes of plates ,
• PNG , as the list of country codes used by NATO , code alpha-3,
• PP , according to the list of country codes used by NATO , alpha-2 code,

References

See also

Related article

• BRA

External link

• Class Papua New Guinea directory dmoz