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Saramaka (Language)

The Saramaka (or other names Saramaccan saamka, the latter a self- ethnonym ) is a creole based Anglo-Portuguese, spoken by Saramaca of Suriname but that includes a significant vocabulary Portuguese , also considered a language of France as spoken in Guyana French.

Phonology

This language has 7 vowels with 4 degrees of aperture (cons 5 vowels and 3 degrees of aperture in Aluku language, and Ndjuka Paramaka or neng), with and a note that the semi-open vowels (e and o are kept for semi-enclosed). Its grammar is similar to that of Neng. The determinant is defined di (instead of in a neng)

Vocabulary

Despite the importance of the words Portuguese, English remains central: kii "kill" (to kill); naki "strike" (knock); koti "cut" (the cut), go to "go" (to go), wosu osu or "house" (the house), or wata wata "water" (of water), dagger "dog" (of dog), etc..

14 500 speakers in Guyana (on county roads between CD8 and CD9 Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni and Mana , 36 000 out of Guyana.

History

Saramakas like Matawai have Maroon fleeing plantations run by Portuguese Jews - who had themselves fled Brazil (Nordeste). After conflicts with the United Provinces (Dutch), they get a peace treaty in 1762 and remain independent until about 1950. Many fled Saramakas Suriname to Guyana during the civil war of the eighties.

List of regional variations of English
UK and Ireland British English Received Pronunciation English English ( English from East Anglia cockney Estuary English English West Country English Midlands Brummie scouse English North Geordie ) English Welsh English Scottish English Highland English Manx English Ulster Irish English English Channel Islands English Gibraltar English Maltese maltish / minglish
United States American English General American African-American English Ebonics Chicano English English New England American English North Central English Midwestern American English West Southern American English
Canada Canadian English English Newfoundland
Caribbean English Caribbean Jamaican English English Bahamian Trinidadian English English Belize English Guyana Bermudian English
Oceania Australian English English Australian aborigines English New Zealand
Asia Pakistani English Indian English English Sri Lanka English Burmese English Hong Kong English Singapore English Malaysian Philippine English
Africa Liberian English Nigerian English English Cameroon English Ugandan Malawian English South African English
International Standard English International English Mid-Atlantic Franais English North America
Variety simplified Basic Franais Plain Franais simplified English Special English Globish
Creole English Aluku, and Ndjuka Paramaka Creole ngatik Jamaican Creole Belizean Creole Gullah Ndjuka Sranan Saramaka Hawaiian Creole Creole Australian norfolk pitcairn Bislama Tok Pisin Pijin

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