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Swadesh List Of English

Swadesh list of 207 words in French and English , accompanied by a column pronunciation using the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Summary

/ / Introduction
Main article: Swadesh list.

Developed by the linguist Morris Swadesh as a tool to study the evolution of language, it corresponds to a basic vocabulary supposed to be in any language. There are various versions, including:

  • a full version of 207 words, some of which are not found in every environment (it contains for instance snake and snow)
  • a smaller version of 100 words.

Do not consider this list of words as an elementary lexicon to communicate with speakers of the language concerned, for such use, may be made, where available, the lexicons in Wikitravel. Its sole purpose is to provide an opening on the language, by showing its lexical and phonetic if possible.

List

No French English
English 		pronunciation
API
1 I I
2 you, you (formal) you
3 it he
4 we WE
5 you (plural) you
6 they THEY
7 this, it this
8 this, that one That
9 here here
10 there There
11 that Who
12 What What
13 where WHERE
14 when When
15 how how
16 not ... not not
17 all all
18 much Many
19 some Some
20 little FEW
21 other Other
22 a one
23 two Two
24 three Three
25 four oven
26 five five
27 great big
28 long long
29 wide Wide
30 thick thick
31 Heavy heavy
32 small small
33 short shorts
34 close Narrow
35 thin Thin
36 Women woman
37 man (adult male) man
38 man (human being) man, person
39 child child
40 woman (wife) wife
41 husband husband
42 mother mother
43 father father
44 animal animal
45 fish fish
46 bird bird
47 dog dog
48 louse louse
49 snake snake
50 worm worm
51 tree tree
52 forest forest
53 stick stick
54 fruit fruit
55 seed seed
56 leaf (a plant) leaf
57 root root
58 bark bark
59 flower flower
60 grass grass
61 rope Europe
62 skin Skin
63 meat Meat
64 blood blood
65 bone bone
66 fat fat
67 egg egg
68 horn horn
69 tail (animal) tail
70 feather (a bird) feather
71 Hair hair
72 head head
73 ear ear
74 eye eye
75 nose nose
76 mouth mouth
77 tooth tooth
78 tongue (organ) tongue
79 nail fingernail
80 foot football
81 leg Leg
82 knee Knee
83 hand handball
84 wing wing
85 belly belly
86 guts, intestines Guts
87 neck neck
88 back back
89 chest breast
90 heart (organ) heart
91 Liver liver
92 drink to drink
93 Dining to eat
94 bite to bite
95 suck to suck
96 spit to spit
97 vomit to vomit
98 breathe to blow
99 breathe to breathe
100 laugh to laugh
101 see to see
102 hear to hear
103 Learn to know
104 think to think
105 feel (smell) to smell
106 fear to fear
107 sleep to sleep
108 live to live
109 die to die
110 kill to kill
111 fight to fight
112 hunt (game) to hunt
113 strike to hit
114 cut to cut
115 split to split
116 stab stab
117 scratch to scratch
118 dig to dig
119 swim to swim
120 fly (in air) to fly
121 walk to walk
122 come to come
123 extended, be extended to lie down (action) to links (state)
124 sit, sit to sit down (action), to sit (state)
125 get up, stand up to stand up (action), to stand (state)
126 turn (intransitive) to turn
127 fall to fall
128 give to Give
129 take to hold
130 squeeze, press to squeeze
131 rub to rub
132 wash to wash
133 wipe to wipe Unicode 'Code2000, Gentium, GentiumAlt' TITUS Cyberbit Basic ',' Bitstream Vera Sans', 'Bitstream Cyberbit', 'Kaku Gothic Pro Hiragino', 'Matrix Unicode', sans-serif ">
135 push to push
136 throw, throw to throw
137 link to tie
138 Sewing to sew
139 count to count
140 say to say
141 sing to sing
142 play (play) to play
143 float to float
144 flow (liquid) to flow
145 freeze to freeze
146 swell (intransitive) to swell
147 sun Sun
148 moon moon
149 star star
150 water water
151 rain rain
152 River rivet
153 Lake Lake
154 Sea sea
155 salt salt
156 stone stone
157 sand sand
158 dust dust
159 earth (ground) earth
160 cloud Cloud
161 fog fog
162 sky sky
163 Wind wind
164 snow snow
165 ice ice
166 smoke smoke
167 fire fire
168 ash Ashes
169 burn (intransitive) to burn
170 road road
171 mountain mountain
172 red red
173 Green green
174 yellow yellow
175 White white
176 black black
177 night night
178 day day
179 year, year year
180 hot (temperature) warm
181 cold (temperature) cold
182 full full
183 new New
184 old old
185 good good
186 bad bad
187 rotten rotten
188 dirty dirty
189 right (straight) Straight
190 Round round
191 sharp Sharp
192 blunt dull, blunt
193 smooth smooth
194 wet, wet wet
195 dry dry
196 right, correct correct
197 close near
198 far far
199 right right
200 left left
201 to Has
202 in in
203 with (whole) With
204 and and
205 if (condition) if
206 because Because
207 name name
  • Spelling:

When words have multiple forms (verbs conjugation, agreement in gender or number, brands), the spelling used is as follows:

  • verbs: infinitive
  • other words: masculine or neutral, singular, nominative (subject)

For special cases (no infinitive, feminine name, name always in the plural, for example) is the simplest form is used.

  • Pronunciation:

Pronunciation indicated is that of the United Kingdom. Its purpose is to represent the pronunciation most commonly considered correct, often reflected by major national media. According to the speakers and the regions actually practiced the pronunciation can vary more or less important. The pronunciation of North America is often different from that presented in the table.

See also

Bibliography

  • Dictionary French-English / English-French, Robert & Collins, Glasgow, Paris - ISBN 0004334787
  • The languages of humanity (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - ISBN 2221059476

Internal Links

External Links

Swadesh lists

Afrikaans - German (p) - English (p) - Avar - Bashkir - Bangala - Basque - Belarusian - Breton - Bulgarian - Catalan - Chinese Mandarin (t) - Haitian Creole - Antillean Creole - Croatian - Danish - Spanish (Castilian) (p ) - Scottish - Esperanto - Estonian - Finnish - Friulian - Georgian (t, p) - Gilbertese - Greek (t) - Guarani - Hausa - Hebrew - Hindi (t) - Hungarian - Indonesian - Irish - Icelandic - Italian (p) - Japanese (t) - Kikongo - Kiswahili - Koryak (t, p) - Latvian - Lingala - Lithuanian - Macedonian (t) - Malay - Madagascar - Dutch - Persian (t) - Polish (p) - Portuguese (p) - Quechua - Romanian - Russian (w) - Serbo-Croatian - Slovenian - Sranan - Sweden - Tajikistan - Tagalog - Tahitian - Czech - Turkish - Vietnamese - Zulu

The list may also include: (t) the transcription in latin characters, (p) the phonetic transcription

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