Territorial Autonomy
Many states have assigned to sub-state territorial entities within them territorial autonomy, that is to say, broader powers than what is usually considered the domain of decentralized administration. This can range from specific statutes to territories inhabited by minority ethnic to a federal system. Another type of autonomy, possibly combined with the first, is the national-cultural autonomy , or non-territorial autonomy, an option generally defended by ethnic parties.
In a report published in 2002, the Center for Justice in Tibet in lists 34, and concluded that the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) do not enjoy real autonomy status:
The theory of these alternatives to the independence movement in particular has been the subject of many debates and writings from the late nineteenth century movement in socialist in the multinational and multiethnic empires of Austria-Hungary (the austromarxistes ) of Germany (controversy between the German Social Democratic Party , the Polish Socialist Party of Jzef Pisudski and the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland of Rosa Luxemburg and Leo Jogiches ) and Russian (controversy between the Social-Democratic Party of Russia and the Bund ) and in Belgium.
Thereafter, various international organizations like the League of Nations , the United Nations or the Council of Europe have established international agreements to protect various types of minorities. The Council of Europe for instance requires its signatories to a convention of this kind of him to submit annual reports which are contradictorily discussed with representatives of other states and minorities.
Summary |
Applications contemporary principle of territorial autonomy
- Belgium : Regions and communities
- China : Special Administrative Regions
- Spain : autonomous , autonomous cities ( Ceuta and Melilla )
- U.S. : Non-incorporated territories (Commonwealth of the commonwealths), not to be confused with the unorganized territories
- Finland : Autonomous Province
- France : Corsican authorities , communities overseas , overseas countries , New Caledonia
- Indonesia : Regional Autonomy ( provinces , and ), special autonomy (province of Aceh and West New Guinea )
- Italy : autonomous regions with special status
- New Zealand : State in free association
- Panama : (indigenous autonomous regions)
- UK : Nation, Country
- Russia : republics , autonomous districts , autonomous oblasts , federal cities
- Serbia : republics, autonomous provinces ( Vojvodina Kosovo )
References
- Eva Herzer, Tibet's Options For Future Political Status: Self-Governance Through An Autonomous Agreement , eds Tibetan Parliamentary & Policy Research Centre. New Delhi, India, 2002
- Eva Herzer, op. cit. "The TAR Government Fails to Provide genuine self-rule for Tibetans. The Reasons for this are SEVERAL. First, the Tar Government controls FEW Government Powers. Even got to Those Powers, ultimate control remains With The PRC's central government. Second, The Government ART IS controlled by members of the PRC, Communist Party, Many of Which are Chinese. Thirdly, The Communist Party's Policies are based there year atheist philosophy Which Is Not Compatible with Tibetan culture. The structural set up of the Tar IS Therefor Such That a genuine Tibetan self-governance IS Virtually impossible. "P. 112
See also
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